英字新聞
読売、毎日、朝日各社英字新聞の主として社説を学習研究します

中国の胡錦濤国家主席がロシアのメドベージェフ大統領と中ソ共同宣言を世界に発信したとき、多くの日本人は多分あの共同声明に反発したと思う。
今回は、日米がtwo-plus-two会議で共同声明を世界に発信。
中国の民衆の反発を買ったかどうか定かではない。
けれども、中国政府に圧力をかけたのだけは、まぎれもない事実。
東西対決の構図は変化しつつも、本質は何ら変わっていない。
（スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 23, 2011
Multilateral diplomacy indispensable to improve ties with China
社説：日米安保協議　「対中」は多角的外交で

Foreign and defense ministers from the U.S. and Japan have held a meeting of the Security Consultative Committee, known as two-plus-two, in Washington and issued a joint statement on their new common strategic objectives based on changes in the security environment in the Asia-Pacific region including China's military buildup.
　日米両政府は外務・防衛担当閣僚による安全保障協議委員会（２プラス２）を開き、中国の軍事的台頭などアジア太平洋地域の安全保障環境の変化を踏まえて新たな共通戦略目標をまとめ、共同文書を発表した。

The ministers encourage China to improve its military activities such as adhering to international norms of behavior.
　海洋進出など軍事行動を強める中国に対して「国際的な行動規範の順守」を要求。

They also urged the country not to pursue and acquire military capabilities that could destabilize the regional security environment even though they did not specifically name China.
さらに、名指しこそ避けたものの、中国を念頭に「地域の安全保障環境を不安定にし得る軍事上の能力を追求・獲得しないよう」求め、

The statement also underscores the need for freedom of navigation and access to space and cyberspace.
課題として「（海洋）航行の自由」や「宇宙及びサイバー空間の保護」などを挙げた。

In other words, the joint statement strongly warns China against its military expansion.
中国を強くけん制するトーンで貫かれている。

The deepening of the Japan-U.S. alliance with emphasis on bilateral security cooperation is undoubtedly effective for the stability of the Asia-Pacific region and the prevention of an unexpected situation such as the outbreak of an armed conflict.
　安全保障協力に力点を置いた日米同盟の深化が、アジア太平洋地域の安定や不測の事態回避に有効であるのは間違いない。

It is of great significance that the two countries confirmed that they will continue their cooperation in ensuring peace and stability in the region following the transfer of power.
政権交代を経た両国が引き続き協調して対応することを確認した意味は大きい。

Still, it is obvious that they need to step up their diplomacy toward Beijing as the core of their China policy.
　とはいえ、「対中国」の柱が外交の強化でなければならないのは明らかだ。

To promote the strategic, reciprocal relationship that Japan and China are pursuing, Tokyo and Beijing should mend their bilateral relations strained by a Chinese fishing boat's collision with Japan Coast Guard patrol vessels off the disputed Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea and expand exchanges and cooperation in various fields based on efforts to enhance mutual trust at the political level.
日中両国が掲げる「戦略的互恵関係」の前進を図るには、尖閣諸島沖衝突事件で損なわれた両国関係の立て直しを急ぎ、相互の政治的信頼の増進を基礎としたさまざまなレベルでの交流や協調行動の拡大が必要である。

For now, the two countries should seek to resume defense cooperation and work out specific plans for cooperation amid times of natural disasters in Asia.
当面は防衛交流の再開やアジアの災害に対する協力の具体化などが挙げられる。

Moreover, it is beneficial for Japan to improve its relations with not only the United States but also Southeast Asian countries that have strained ties with Beijing.
また、日米関係だけでなく、中国との間で課題を抱える東南アジア諸国との連携を強化することも有益である。

The promotion of such multilateral and multilayered diplomatic strategy toward China will be the basis for an improvement in bilateral ties.
こうした重層的な対中外交戦略の構築こそが両国関係を前進させる基礎となる。

The joint statement declares that the two countries have abandoned completing the relocation of U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa Prefecture before 2014 without setting a new deadline.
　共同文書は、焦点の沖縄・米軍普天間飛行場の移設について、新たな期限を設けないまま「２０１４年までの移設完了」を断念する一方、

At the same time, however, it confirms the design of runways at a substitute facility to be built at an offshore area in the Henoko district of Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, and its construction method.
同県名護市辺野古に建設する滑走路の形状と工法を確定させた。

However, it should be concluded that the relocation of the base to the Henoko district has become almost impossible as the Okinawa Prefectural Government has demanded that the facility be relocated out of the prefecture and U.S. Congress is making moves based on the assumption that the relocation plan will not be feasible.
　しかし、県外移設を求め、辺野古案に反発する沖縄や、同案は実現困難と見る米議会の動きを見れば、辺野古への移設はほぼ不可能になったと考えざるを得ない。

The Mainichi Shimbun has repeatedly insisted that the Japanese and the U.S. governments should review their agreement on the relocation plan and work out specific measures to eliminate the danger that Futenma base poses to the regional community until the base can be moved elsewhere.
毎日新聞は、移設先を含めて「日米合意」を見直すとともに、移設実現までの間、普天間周辺住民の危険性を除去する具体策を検討するよう主張してきた。両政府に重ねて求める。

During the two-plus-two meeting, Tokyo and Washington agreed that the United States can export sea-based interceptor missiles, which they are jointly developing as part of their missile defense system, to third countries.
　また、会合では日米が共同開発中の海上配備型迎撃ミサイルについて、米国から第三国への輸出を認めることで合意した。

However, this is feared to undermine Japan's ban on weapons exports.
(日本の武器輸出三原則に抵触しないか）

ミサイル防衛（ＭＤ）は防御のためのシステムだが、ミサイル技術には違いない。
（この部分の英文なし、訳抜け？）

The joint statement says the missile defense system must contribute to Japan's security as well as international peace and stability, and that it must not be transferred to third countries.
共同文書は、（１）日本の安全保障や国際の平和と安定に資する（２）第三国からの移転を防ぐ－－との基準を提示した。

The term "international peace and stability" is too vague.
しかし、「国際の平和と安定」というのはあいまい過ぎる。

To prevent Japan's ban on weapon exports from being hollowed out, the two countries should work out stricter standards for operating the missile defense system.
武器輸出三原則をなし崩しで空洞化してはならない。厳格な基準を策定すべきである。

毎日新聞　2011年6月23日　東京朝刊

福島第一の場合には、やはり住民は騙されたと言うべきか。
しかしながら、住民だって原発による繁栄を望んでいたはずだ。
いったん事故ってしまうと、とりかえしのつかない大災害となる。
やはり京都大学の小出さんたちの考えの方が正しいような気がする。
どうしても造るのだったら、都心か近郊につくれば、とも思った。
（スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 22, 2011
Sacrifices forced on rural sites of nuclear power plants do not bring true wealth
記者の目：原発を拒否した町が教えること＝山下貴史（和歌山支局）

　◇だまされた国民の責任も問う

How does the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant appear to those who were once embroiled in disputes over the possible construction of a nuclear power plant in their backyard?
　福島第１原発の事故を、かつて原発誘致に翻弄（ほんろう）された人々はどんな思いで見ているだろうか。

It is predicted that a major earthquake will hit Wakayama Prefecture, where I work, in the near future.
私が勤務する和歌山は近い将来、大地震が予想されている。

Talk of constructing nuclear power plants within the prefecture has emerged numerous times in the past, but thanks to the help of researchers from Kyoto University, such facilities do not exist.
かつて和歌山でも誘致の是非をめぐっていくつもの町が揺れたが、京都大学の研究者らの助けもあり、ここに原発はない。

The reason for that is simple: we have no need for dangerous nuclear power plants.
「危険な原発はいらない」。理由は素朴であり、明快だ。

　◇誘致が浮上し、親類も賛否二分

Most noteworthy of the cases in Wakayama were the protests against plant construction in the town of Hidaka and of Hikigawa, which has since been merged with Shirahama.
　和歌山県で特筆すべきは日高町と旧日置川町（現白浜町）の誘致拒否だろう。

In Hidaka, the issue had been festering since 1967 when the then mayor revealed his vision for the construction of a nuclear power plant.
日高町では６７年、当時の町長が原発構想を表明して以来、この問題がくすぶった。

In 1988, the Kansai Electric Power Co. (KEPCO) offered the local fisheries cooperative some 700 million yen in compensation for surveys to be conducted in preparation for plant construction.
関西電力は８８年、設置に向けた調査に伴う漁業補償金など約７億円を地元漁協に提示。

Family members and relatives belonging to the cooperative were divided on the appropriate response, leading to opposing sides refusing to attend weddings, funerals, and boat-launching ceremonies.
Kazumi Hama, 61, a fisherman who led anti-nuclear plant efforts said that family relationships suffered because of talk of a possible plant.
漁協内は兄弟、親戚で賛否が割れ、結婚式、葬式、漁船の進水式に出ないなど人間関係がずたずたになった。

"If nuclear power plants were safe, we wouldn't have had any infighting.
反対運動を率いた漁師、濱一己さん（６１）は「原発が安全なら、こんなこと（仲間内の争い）はない。

KEPCO weighed the lives of city dwellers against ours," he said.
関電は都会と田舎のおれらの命をてんびんにかけた」と憤る。

In Hikigawa, meanwhile, even students on school buses were split into pro-plant and anti-plant sections. 　旧日置川町では、児童のスクールバスの座席までも原発賛否で分かれた。

According to Tomoaki Nishio, 59, the current head of the town council who was then against the construction of the power plants, the proposed site for the nuclear power plant had been privately-owned.
反対派の西尾智朗氏（５９）＝現白浜町議会議長＝によると、建設予定地はもともと民有地だったが

In 1973, however, the town's land development bureau bought the land, with the promise that it would "make the land into a quasi-national park and protect it from reckless development," and resold it to the municipal government.
「国定公園にして乱開発から守る」と町土地開発公社が７３年に買収、町に転売した。

When town government officials signed a sales contract with KEPCO, a man who had sold his land to the development bureau committed suicide.
町が関電と売買契約を結ぶと、土地を売った一人の男性が「裏切られた」と自殺した。

"My father was ashamed that he had been conned by the town government," a 78-year-old bereaved family member said.
遺族（７８）は「おやじは町にだまされたことを恥と思っていた」と悔しさをにじませる。

The question on the minds of all anti-nuclear plant residents was: "Why aren't nuclear power plants built in urban areas, where a massive amount of electricity is consumed every day?"
　反対派に一貫しているのは「電気を大量消費する都会になぜ原発を建てないか」という疑問だ。

Sharing this same line of thinking, assistant professors Hiroaki Koide, 61, and Tetsuji Imanaka, 60, of Kyoto University's Research Reactor Institute supported anti-plant protests.
京都大学原子炉実験所（大阪府熊取町）の小出裕章助教（６１）や今中哲二助教（６０）ら研究者たちもこの疑問を共有し、反対運動を支えた。

Koide had gone to study at Tohoku University with the belief that nuclear power was going to be the world's future power source.
　小出さんは原子力が未来のエネルギーになると信じ、東北大学に進学した。

However, he encountered the protests against the construction of Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant in Miyagi Prefecture, and switched over to an anti-nuclear power stand himself.
だが、宮城県・女川原発建設に反対する運動に直面し、反原発に転じる。

"Nuclear power plants are dangerous facilities that cities refuse to build within their own borders, which is why they are built in sparsely-populated areas despite the cost of laying down power lines," Koide said. "
「原発は都会で引き受けられない危険なもので、送電線を敷くコストをかけても過疎地に建てる。

Once you realize that, there's only one choice.
それに気付いたら選択肢は一つ。

There's no way we can allow such a thing."
そんなものは許せない」と思った。

Imanaka, too, went to graduate school at Tokyo Institute of Technology with faith in the future of nuclear power, but ended up participating in protests against the construction of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture.
　今中さんも原子力の未来を信じて東工大大学院に進んだが、新潟県柏崎刈羽原発の反対運動に参加した。

He found the power company's claim that nuclear power plants were safe and that they helped local economies dubious.
「絶対安全で地元も潤う」という電力会社の理屈にうさん臭さを感じた。

After the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, Imanaka's doubts about nuclear safety turned into conviction about its dangers.
７９年には米スリーマイル島原発事故が起き、安全性への懐疑は確信に変わった。

In a lawsuit seeking the reversal of permission given for the construction of Ikata Nuclear Power Plant in Ehime Prefecture, the two researchers served as expert witnesses for the plaintiffs' legal team.
　２人は愛媛県・伊方原発の設置許可取り消し訴訟の原告弁護団に証人として協力し、研究者の立場から反原発を支持した。

They also visited Wakayama on numerous occasions to distribute anti-plant fliers.
和歌山にも何度もビラ配りに訪れた。

Koide's argument is clear-cut: machines sometimes break, and people sometimes make mistakes.
小出さんの論は明快だ。機械は時々壊れ、人は時々誤りを犯す。

It is only natural for nuclear power plants operated by people to break down.
人の動かす原発が壊れるのは当然。

When nuclear power plants break down, they cause catastrophes.
原発は壊れると破局をもたらす－－

As such, the accident in Fukushima was well within the scope of Koide's expectations.
福島の事故は小出さんにとって想定内だった。

And yet, the general public remained under the spell of the "safety myth," and arguments like his went ignored.
しかし、世論は安全神話に支配され、「私のような意見はすべて無視され続けた」という。

Koide now blames himself for not having stopped the construction of nuclear power plants, but he also says that the public is "responsible for being duped."
今は原発を止められなかった自分を責めている。だが、小出さんは国民の「だまされた責任」もあると言う。

The phrase brings to mind the 1946 essay "Senso sekininsha no mondai" (The problem of who is responsible for the war), in which film director Mansaku Itami argued that the general public were partially responsible for the war, for having been "fooled."
　この言葉に、敗戦直後の１９４６年に、だまされた国民にも戦争責任があると断じた映画監督、伊丹万作のエッセー「戦争責任者の問題」を思い出した。

In the essay, the same man who had penned an extremely compassionate screenplay for the film "Muhomatsu no issho" (Rickshaw man), launched a social critique that cut at the very nature of mankind:
伊丹は人情味あふれる「無法松の一生」の脚本を書く一方で、人間の本質を突く社会評論を残している。

"Those who are okay with themselves saying they were 'deceived' will probably be deceived again and again.
　「『だまされていた』といって平気でいられる国民なら、おそらく今後も何度でもだまされるだろう。

No, they are surely in the process of being taken in by new lies already."
いや、現在でもすでに別のうそによってだまされ始めているにちがいない」（ちくま学芸文庫「伊丹万作エッセイ集」所収）

It is a matter of course that the national government and power companies that went around touting the "safety myth" are criticized.
　「安全神話」を吹聴した国や電力会社が厳しく批判されるのは当然だが、

However, we must also hold the public accountable for its part in the disaster by falling for the myth.
だまされた国民の責任からも目を背けてはならないと思う。

The public, through the work of politicians, has distributed millions of yen to rural areas as compensation for the use of their land --
国民は政治を通じて、電源三法で多額の交付金を地方に配ってきた。

and it is that very distribution system and the safety myth that have forced people to live in danger, alongside nuclear power plants.
その構造と安全神話が、原発周辺住民に危険と隣り合わせの生活を強いたからだ。

　◇地方犠牲にした豊かさが幸せか

Hama said that there was a time, during the infighting at the fisheries cooperative, that the opposing blocs cooperated to search for a colleague who had gone missing at sea.
　濱さんは賛否で割れた漁協が、海で遭難した仲間の捜索で協力したことがあったと教えてくれた。

The body was found a week later.
遺体は１週間後に見つかった。

It was these words from Hama that changed the mind of the Hidaka town mayor, who had been pushing for the construction of the nuclear power plant in their town:
この言葉で町長は誘致推進を取りやめたという。

"There's a saying that 'for fishermen, hell is one plank away.'
「漁師はな、『板の一枚下地獄』と言うんや。

Those of us who work under such dangerous conditions have to get along.
そんな所で働くもんは皆仲良くせなあかん。

Hey mayor, do you understand that?"
町長、お前にこの気持ちが分かるか」。

原発の建設候補地だった場所は海に面した緑の岬だ。岬を見渡す海岸に立ち海を望んだ。

Does forcing sacrifices upon rural residents and being dependent on nuclear power plants signify true wealth? 　地方を犠牲にして原発に依存し、豊かさにひたることが幸せなのか－－。

What we should be aspiring to as a society seems clear enough.
目指すべき社会の姿は、はっきりしていると思う。

(By Takashi Yamashita, Wakayama Bureau)

　ご意見をお寄せください。〒１００－８０５１毎日新聞「記者の目」係/kishanome@mainichi.co.jp

毎日新聞　2011年6月21日　東京朝刊

毎日新聞の秀作。
東電の体質を世界大戦当時の状況に重ね合わせて、東電を断罪する。
(スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 21, 2011
Gov't must stop forcing sacrifices on citizens and establish sensible policy
火論：背に腹は、の前に＝玉木研二
　＜ｋａ－ｒｏｎ＞

A report by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant warns that Japan's complexity of organizations may slow its response at times of emergency.
　日本の複雑な体制や組織が緊急時の意思決定を遅らせる可能性がある、と福島第１原発事故処理をめぐり国際原子力機関（ＩＡＥＡ）の報告書は不信感を表したという。

We can't brush aside such a warning as mere meddling. Indeed, the country's decision-making mechanism, shouldering of responsibility, and actions are all operating separately without linking to each other.
　余計なお世話だと言えないところがつらい。意思の骨、責任の関節、実行の筋肉がつながらず、ばらばらに動く。
As such, it is only natural to suggest that this situation is the result of a structural flaw -- and not an unfortunate coincidence.
偶然そんな取り合わせになったという不運ではなく、構造的欠陥を疑うのは当然だ。

It is unlikely that malicious intent had anything to do with the delays in the government's reaction to the nuclear crisis.
　そのもたつきに「悪意」は介在していないだろう。

Rather, the delays represent a rigid structural climate that includes elusion, vertical sectionalism and exclusion, and scattered responsibility.
つかみどころのないあやふやさ。縦割りと排他、責任散在という、いわば硬直した組織風土の表れではないか。

Evasion of responsibility is often seen at times of war.
　つかみどころのない無責任は戦争にしばしば現れる。

Many of you probably have seen the film "Judgment at Nuremberg," based on the Judges' Trial of the Nuremburg war crime tribunal accusing several judges of cooperating with the Nazis.
　「ニュールンベルグ裁判」という名画を見た方は多いだろう。第二次大戦後、ナチ戦犯裁判のうちナチ協力の判事らを被告にした法廷を題材に、スタンリー・クレイマー監督がメガホンをとった米劇映画（１９６１年）だ。

Directed by Stanley Kramer in 1961, the American film portrays the pitfalls of irresponsibility, self-righteousness and the ability to adapt that people can fall into, even if they are rational members of the justice system.
理性あるはずの司法界の知識人らも陥っていく無責任と独善、状況適応の落とし穴を描く。

　裁判長は諭す。

"If the defendants were all depraved perverts -- if the leaders of the Third Reich were sadistic monsters and maniacs -- these events would have no more moral significance than an earthquake or other natural catastrophes," the judge in the movie says. "
　「被告がただ邪悪な変質者で第三帝国の指導者たちが怪物だったというだけなら天災のようなもの。

But this trial has shown that under the stress of a national crisis, men -- even able and extraordinary men -- can delude themselves into the commission of crimes and atrocities so vast and heinous as to stagger the imagination.
No one who has sat through this trial can ever forget."
そうではない。忘れてはならない。普通の人も優れた人も容易にこうしたことにかかわった」

The film shows that with heightening tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, there are unexpected political interventions, and fears of a military conflict.
　思わぬ政治介入の動きも出る。米ソ対立の緊張が高まったのだ。軍事衝突の恐れも生じた。

Because the U.S. military does not want to antagonize Germans, it applies pressure on the court in a roundabout way to be lenient toward the defendants.
ドイツ人の反感を買いたくない米軍は、被告に寛大な措置をするよう法廷に遠回しに圧力をかけてくる。

The circumstances in the film have the same feel as the current situation in Japan, where the government has called for the restart of nuclear reactors currently suspended out of fears that otherwise Japan's summertime electricity demand will not be met, even though there is no end in sight to the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima power plant.
　これには今政府が電力供給不安から、原発事故収束の見通しがないまま「原発再稼働」要請に踏み切るのと通じる空気が感じられる。

The line of thinking is that certain "small" things have to be sacrificed to secure "bigger" guarantees.
背に腹は、という空気である。

In order to break free from our dependence on nuclear power, society must undertake broad and tireless discussions to change the course of energy and cultivate a sensible philosophy.
　原発依存から踏み出すには、エネルギーの質転換が社会に広く根気強く語られ、地に着いた理念を醸成することが必要だ。

You could call it a shift in values.
価値転換といってもいい。

It might be out of habit that the soldiers in the film put military prowess over the pursuit of justice.
映画で軍人が「正義」追求より「軍事」を優先したのは習性だろうが、

It is rather dubious for the Japanese government to suggest that "small" things have to be sacrificed for "bigger" purposes without making thorough efforts to establish safety measures or verify what happened.
原発の安全対策や検証も徹底せぬまま「背に腹は」的空気に包まれたのでは、心もとない。

In the film, the judge presiding over the case does not hold back, and metes out a heavy sentence.
　映画ではスペンサー・トレーシー演じる裁判長は手加減せず、厳しい判決を下す。

As an aside, the great thing about this film is that it does not provide us with a simple explanation on what is right or wrong, with a clean ending denouncing all evil.
　余談だが、この作品が優れているのは正邪を明らかにして断罪し大団円、といった単純なものではないからだ。

We are even made to become skeptical of the U.S. as the embodiment of justice in World War II.
果たしてアメリカは正義の具現者かという疑念もにじむ。

Maximilian Schell won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the defense attorney, who brought up what the U.S. did in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
　「広島、長崎で彼らは何をしたか」などと戦勝国の矛盾や不問の残虐行為を突き、被告の弁護人を熱演したマクシミリアン・シェルは、この作品でアカデミー賞の主演男優賞を得た。

(By Kenji Tamaki, Expert Senior Writer)
（専門編集委員）

毎日新聞　2011年6月21日　東京朝刊

毎日新聞の力作。
その通りだと思いました。
連続地中壁の施工には、様々な工法があります。
さらに地下水を封じ込めるのに、連続地中壁の高さは少なくとも５０ｍ以上となります。
早急に工法を検討して着工しないと、１年でも危ないくらいなのです。
東電の技術者が一番知っているはずです。
まさに、大本営発表。
（スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 20, 2011
Preventing radiation contamination more important than TEPCO's stock prices
風知草：株価より汚染防止だ＝山田孝男

Some people have suggested that I start to write about something other than nuclear power plants, but with the situation as it is, that's not going to happen.
　そろそろ原発以外の話題をとり上げたらどうかと心配してくださる向きもあるが、そうもいかない。

The crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant is still not over.
福島原発震災は収束どころか、

Far from it, there are signs that it is getting worse.
拡大の兆しが見える。

I can't stand by and look at the political situation without focusing on this serious event.
この大事と無関係に政局を展望することはできない。

One figure who has entered the public spotlight in the wake of the nuclear crisis is 61-year-old Hiroaki Koide, an assistant professor at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute and a controversialist in the anti-nuclear debate.
　京大原子炉実験所の小出裕章助教（６１）といえば、いま最も注目されている反原発の論客の一人だ。

A specialist in nuclear power, Koide has garnered attention as a persistent researcher who has sounded the alarm over the dangers of this form of energy without seeking fame.
原発が専門だが、名利を求めず、原発に警鐘を鳴らし続けてきた不屈の研究者として脚光を浴びている。

In a TV Asahi program on June 16, Koide made the following comment:
　その小出が１６日、テレビ朝日の番組に登場し、こう発言して反響がひろがった。

"As far as I can tell from the announcements made by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), the nuclear fuel that has melted down inside reactors at the Fukushima nuclear plant has gone through the bottom of the containers, which are like pressure cookers, and is lying on the concrete foundations, sinking into the ground below.
　「東京電力の発表を見る限り、福島原発の原子炉は、ドロドロに溶けた核燃料が、圧力鍋のような容器の底を破ってコンクリートの土台にめり込み、地下へ沈みつつある。

We have to install a barrier deep in the soil and build a subterranean dam as soon as possible to prevent groundwater contaminated with radioactive materials from leaking into the ocean."
一刻も早く周辺の土中深く壁をめぐらせて地下ダムを築き、放射性物質に汚染された地下水の海洋流出を食い止めねばならない」

His comment captured public interest and when I asked a high-ranking government official about it, the official said that construction of an underground dam was indeed being prepared.
　さっそく政府高官に聞いてみると、いかにも地下ダムの建設を準備中だという。

But when I probed further, I found that the project was in limbo due to opposition from TEPCO.
　ところが、さらに取材すると、東電の反対で計画が宙に浮いている実態がわかった。

Sumio Mabuchi, an aide to Prime Minister Naoto Kan who is dealing with nuclear power plant issues, holds the same concerns as those expressed by Koide and has sought an announcement on construction of an underground dam, but TEPCO has resisted such a move.
原発担当の馬淵澄夫首相補佐官は小出助教と同じ危機感を抱き、地下ダム建設の発表を求めたが、東電が抵抗している。

The reason is funding.
　理由は資金だ。

It would cost about 100 billion yen to build such a dam, but there is no guarantee that the government would cover the amount.
ダム建設に１０００億円かかる。国が支払う保証はない。

If an announcement were made and TEPCO were seen as incurring more liabilities, then its shares would fall once again, and the company might not be able to make it through its next general shareholders' meeting.
公表して東電の債務増と受け取られれば株価がまた下がり、株主総会を乗り切れぬというのである。

In my possession, I have a copy of the guidelines that TEPCO presented to the government on how to handle press releases.
　筆者の手もとに、東電が政府に示した記者発表の対処方針と応答要領の写しがある。

The title of the document, dated June 13, is "Underground boundary' -- Regarding the press."
６月１３日付で表題は「『地下バウンダリ』プレスについて」。バウンダリ（ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙ）は境界壁、つまり地下ダムだ。プレスは記者発表をさしている。

It is split into five categories on how to handle the announcement of construction of an underground boundary.
　対処方針は５項目。

In essence, it says, "We are considering the issue under the guidance of prime ministerial aide Mabuchi, but we don't want to be seen as having excess liabilities, so we're keeping the details confidential."
要約すれば「馬淵補佐官ご指導の下、検討を進めているが、市場から債務超過と評価されたくないので詳細は内密に」だ。

Possibly the silliest response to envisaged questions from reporters is TEPCO's suggestion for a reply to the question, "Why hasn't construction been quickly started?"
　応答要領の中でも愚答の極みは「なぜ早く着工せぬ」という質問に対するもので、ぬけぬけとこう書いている。

The response reads: "Underground water flows at a speed of about 5 to 10 centimeters a day, so we have more than a year before it reaches the shore."
　「地下水の流速は１日５センチメートルから１０センチメートルなので、沿岸に達するまで１年以上の時間的猶予があると考えている」

Initially an announcement on the underground barrier was due to be made to the press on June 14, but it was put off until after TEPCO's general shareholders meeting on June 28.
　記者発表は１４日のはずだったが、東電の株主総会（２８日）の後へ先送りされた。

In the meantime, the state of the nuclear power plant continues to deteriorate and radioactive materials are eerily spreading and contaminating the area around the plant.
　福島原発の崩壊は続き、放射性物質による周辺の環境汚染が不気味に広がっている。

Which is more important: upholding share prices or stopping pollution?
株価の維持と汚染防止のどちらが大切か。

The Japanese political and business world has sunk to a level where it can't even answer such a question.
その判断もつかない日本政財界の現状である。

One government official recently commented, "I think I can understand now why the leaders during the war couldn't precisely and steadily accomplish their strategies."
　政府当局者の一人がこう言った。「あの（太平洋）戦争でなぜ、指導部が的確、着実に作戦を遂行できなかったか。いまは分かる気がします」

Today, announcements from the "imperial headquarters" -- namely TEPCO's releases on its roadmap for bringing the nuclear crisis under control, which nobody believes -- are still being issued.
　誰も信じない、東電の「収束に向けた工程表」という大本営発表が続いている。

Some people have compared Kan to former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, because he yells at his subordinates over the smallest details.
　菅直人を東条英機になぞらえる向きがある。万事に細かく部下を怒鳴るからだ。

Tojo resigned in July 1944, after the fall of Saipan, when it had become likely that Japan would lose the war.
東条はサイパン島陥落で敗戦濃厚となった１９４４年７月退陣。

His successor, Kuniaki Koiso, was in office for 8 1/2 months before being replaced by Kantaro Suzuki. After this, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan and then the war ended after a decision from the Emperor.
後継首相の小磯国昭が８カ月半。さらに鈴木貫太郎に代わり、原爆を二つ落とされ、天皇の聖断を仰いで戦争は終わった。

Why wasn't an armistice quickly implemented to put an end to further wartime damage?
　なぜ、早く停戦して戦禍の拡大を防げなかったか。

It was because impossible solutions to Japan's situation in the war were flying about, common sense was lost, and the government was slow to reach a decision.
無理筋の戦局打開案が飛び交い、常識が見失われ、国の意思決定が遅れたからだ。

Yet the same sort of situation has arisen today.
今と似ている。

The most important issue now is preventing contamination from radiation.
いま最も大事な課題は放射能汚染阻止だ。

We need leaders who can focus on the core issue without being swayed by empty theory.
空論に惑わされず、核心へ集中するリーダーシップが求められている。

(By Takao Yamada, Expert Senior Writer)
（敬称略）（毎週月曜日掲載）

毎日新聞　2011年6月20日　東京朝刊

psychiatrist 精神科医　（発音注意：シカイアトリスト）サイキアトリストではない。
医者だって人間ですからね。
涙することも許されるのでしょう。
（スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 19, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: It's okay for doctors to cry, too
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：医者の涙もけっこう　／東京

It's now been about 100 days since the March 11 earthquake.
　大震災から約１００日。

For those within the disaster-hit areas, and even for those without, these 100 days have likely been an unparalleled time of tears.
被災地の人たちはもちろん、被災地以外の人にとっても、こんなにたくさんの涙を流した１００日はなかったのではないだろうか。

We can try to cheer up people gripped by sadness by encouraging them to stop crying, but lately psychiatric medicine has been moving to the view that "crying is not a bad thing."
　悲しみに暮れている人を「もう泣くのはやめよう」と励ますこともあるが、最近は精神医学的にも「泣くのは悪いことではない」ということになりつつある。

By facing the truth squarely, accepting the emotions that appear and expressing them, people take their first steps toward recovery.
つらい現実ともきちんと向き合い、そこでわき起こる感情を認め、それを表現することが、立ち直りの第一歩だからだ。

What about crying in a psychiatrist's consultation room?
　では、診察室での涙はどうなのだろう。

For patients, of course, it is not unusual to cry while sharing emotional stories, but I'd like to talk about when the tears come from the psychiatrist.
もちろん患者さんがいろいろな話をしながら泣いてしまうことはめずらしくないが、この場合は「医者の涙」だ。

I've been told that as we age, we start to cry more easily.
　「年を取ると涙腺がゆるんで、よく泣くようになる」と言われ、

Well, it seems to be happening to me, and until recently I did all I could to avoid crying while seeing patients.
私自身もそうなりつつあり、これまで診察室では極力、涙を流さないようにしてきた。

It was my feeling that a professional psychiatrist mustn't be caught up in patients' emotions.
患者さんの感情に巻き込まれてしまうのは、心の医療のプロとしてやってはいけないことと思っていたからだ。

However, that feeling is vanishing.
　ところが、その原則も崩れつつある。

Now, when I hear patients talk about being with family members at their death, or about being abused as children, I find my own eyes tearing up as I try to comfort them.
家族を見送った人の話、子ども時代に虐待を受けたという人の話などを聞いていると、「そうだったんですか」と言いながら目がうるんでしまう。

It's not only sad stories that bring tears.
悲しいときばかりではない。

The other day, a patient told me that they were taking care of a pet that was found wandering in the disaster area.
先日は、患者さんから「実は被災地で迷子になったペットを預かっている」という話を聞かされ、

I was deeply moved by this patient who, despite having an illness, had taken on the animal.
「自分も体調が悪いのにすごい！」と感動の涙を流してしまった。

When a doctor cries in front of a patient, I'm sure the patient is both surprised and unsure of how to respond. 　医者が涙を浮かべると、もちろん患者さんはビックリし、戸惑うはずだ。

Some people would put a halt to their story out of consideration for the doctor, but such a result is not good for treatment.
中には気をつかって、これ以上、話をするのをやめようとする人もいる。そうなると治療的にはあまり好ましくない。

However, I have come to think that, as long as a doctor is not completely swallowed by emotion, he or she needn't completely refuse to cry.
　ただ、思わず涙がこみ上げてきた場合は、感情の嵐にのみ込まれない範囲でなら、それをあえて否定しなくてもいいのではないか、とも思うようになってきた。

After taking a brief moment to collect oneself, the doctor can then encourage the patient: "Please, continue." As long as a doctor can do that, I think tears can be forgiven.
「ごめんなさい。でも、あまりにひどい話なんでつい……」と目頭を押さえ、「さあ、先を続けて」と話を促す。そうできるなら「医者の涙」も許されるのではないか。

After coming back from the disaster areas, some doctors have told me that they couldn't help but shed tears after encountering the overwhelming tragedy there.
　被災地に支援に行った医師や歯科医から、「あまりの悲惨な現実に泣いてしまった。

They asked me whether I thought that was unfitting behaviour for medical professionals.
これって医療関係者として失格？」と尋ねられたこともある。

Had it been the me of 10 years ago, I may have answered that I thought it wasn't good for them to have cried.
１０年前の私なら「泣くのはよくないですね」と答えたかもしれないが、

But now, I would say that as long as it doesn't interfere with your work as a professional, there is no problem with showing either tears or laughter.
いまは違う。プロとしての仕事に支障を来さないなら、涙も笑いもおおいにけっこう。そう思うのだ。

(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞　2011年6月14日　地方版

１０年以上かかるのではないでしょうか。
腰を据えてかかる必要があります。
放射性物質の処理技術、処理施設は大規模で開発・誘致すればよいです。
新エネルギー開発プロジェクトの推進と同時に実行すれば、
失業問題だけは一気に解決するでしょう。
（スラチャイ）

(Mainichi Japan) June 18, 2011
Mountain of problems still remains before Fukushima plant brought under control
社説：原発工程表　課題は山積したままだ

One cannot help but wonder how far efforts being made by the national government and Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) to bring the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant under control have progressed.
　福島第１原発は事故収束に向け、いったい何合目付近にいるのか。

Two months have passed since TEPCO first unveiled a roadmap for bringing the crippled plant under control, but various problems that have occurred since then show the roadmap was overly optimistic.
東京電力の工程表が示されてから２カ月。当初の見通しの甘さが次々と明らかになり、先の見えない状況が続いている。

Uncertainty over the current state of the power plant and when it could be brought under control continues to disrupt the lives of locals.
　原発の現状把握と収束の見通しの不透明さは、周辺の人々の暮らしも揺さぶり続けている。

Many people probably wonder whether the wisdom and power of Japan and the rest of the world are effectively being brought together and applied in the ongoing efforts at the plant.
日本の総力、世界の知恵が現場に結集されているのか、不安に思う人も多いだろう。

The government and TEPCO recently announced updated roadmaps on bringing the Fukushima plant under control and supporting people affected by it, and they talked about how far measures in the roadmaps have been implemented.
　政府や東電は工程表の改定と進捗（しんちょく）状況を公表したが、

However, they should also give a more general overview of the current situation of the nuclear power station and the outlook for stabilization of the plant, not just talk about specific measures.
個別の対策だけでなく、現状と見通しの全体像を示してほしい。

It would also be good to give an updated assessment of the level of risk involving the plant.
現在の原発のリスクがどの程度なのかも、改めて示すべきではないか。

At the Fukushima plant, of great concern now is how to treat radioactive water collected in the reactor and turbine buildings.
　現時点の大きな懸念材料は、原子炉建屋やタービン建屋にたまっている放射性物質で汚染された水の処理だ。

The massive volume of the water, which is estimated to be at over 100,000 cubic meters, is obstructing work at the plant, and if removal of the contaminated water is delayed, it could leak into the ground around the structures or into the sea.
総量は１０万立方メートルを超すとみられ、現場での作業を阻む。処理が遅れると、汚染水が建屋周辺や海に漏れ出してしまう恐れがある。

TEPCO has been setting up a system that includes parts from French and U.S. makers to decontaminate the radioactive water and return it to the reactors, which would allow cooling of the nuclear fuel without bringing in water from the outside, which could leak and increase the amount of trapped radioactive water.
　東電は汚染水を浄化して原子炉に戻す「循環注水冷却システム」の構築をフランスや米国の装置を組み合わせながら進めてきた。
汚染水を増やさずに核燃料を冷却する苦肉の策だが、

However, running of the system has been delayed after a water leak and other problems.
装置の水漏れなどで稼働が遅れ続けた。

Further delay-causing problems could occur if TEPCO does not first ferret out and correct their root causes.
　たび重なるトラブルの根本的な原因がどこにあるのか。きちんと解明した上でこの先の冷却システムの構築を進めないと、さらに作業が遅れる恐れがある。

Furthermore, although the water circulation system has started now, how long should it be run?
　循環注水冷却システムが稼働しても、それをいつまで続ければいいのか。

It is also not clear what officials mean when they refer to stability of the plant, when we have not only a meltdown in the inner containment vessels, but the possibility of melted fuel having made its way to the outer containment vessels.
メルトダウンどころか、溶融燃料が格納容器にまで漏れ出している可能性がある中で、「原発の安定」が何を意味するのかも、もうひとつはっきりしない。

Dealing with the highly radioactive waste sludge that will be left after cleansing the radioactive water is another problem, and since Japan is encountering this and other issues with the nuclear disaster for the first time, work has had to start from the research and development phase.
　汚染水処理の後に残る高濃度の汚泥の処理も難題だ。初めての経験だけに研究開発から始めなくてはならない。

According to the roadmap, TEPCO will aim to store the radioactive sludge and will evaluate the construction of shielding walls to keep radioactive water from contaminating nearby groundwater and nearby sea in mid-July or later, but the utility and the government should take quicker action.
工程表は、汚泥の保管・管理や、地下水による海の汚染を防ぐ遮蔽（しゃへい）壁の検討を７月中旬以降の課題と位置づけたが、もっと早い対応が必要ではないか。

Measures to minimize nuclear plant workers' exposure to radiation and improve their medical care have been incorporated into the updated roadmap and are important steps needed to support workers at the plant for the years to come.
　今回、新たに工程表に盛り込まれた作業員の放射線管理と医療体制の改善は、今後、何年にもわたる作業を続けるための要でもある。

Workers who had internal exposure to high levels of radiation were recently revealed, but it was months after their exposure.
今ごろになって高い内部被ばくが明らかになってきているが、

The government and TEPCO need to speed up full measurements of workers' exposures to radiation and efforts to minimize their exposure.
もっと迅速に全身測定と被ばく管理を進めるべきだ。

Another problem is that the evacuation of residents near the power plant is still confused.
　周辺住民の避難対策も混乱が続いている。

Although it is important to take care of residents near "hot spots" -- areas of relatively high levels of radiation including ones far from the plant -- the government also needs to give clear guidance to residents in areas that fall under designated evacuation zones while only having had low levels of radiation detected.
避難区域以外でも局所的に線量の高いホットスポット地域の対策は重要だが、一方で、緊急時避難準備区域に指定されながら線量の低い地域の対策も急がれる。

The central government and TEPCO may not have changed the time frames for their roadmaps, but the fact is that a massive number of issues remain to be addressed before the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant is brought under control.
　政府も東電も工程表の目標達成時期を変えていないが、課題は山積したままだ。

毎日新聞　2011年6月18日　2時32分