スポンサードリンク
(Mainichi Japan) July 24, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: The effects of disaster on the kindest among us
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：やさしさと心の病 ／東京
It has now been more than four months since the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami.
震災から４カ月以上がたった。
At my clinic in the Tokyo area, I have had a number of patients come to me with a condition called "sympathy fatigue," brought on essentially by feeling too much, too long for the people in the disaster areas.
首都圏にある私の勤務先の診療所では、被災地の方々に心を寄せすぎて、自分も傷ついてしまう「共感疲労」と呼ばれる状態に陥り、
Symptoms I have observed many times include insomnia, depression, feelings of helplessness, and feeling physically drained.
不眠、気持ちの落ち込み、無力感、からだのだるさなどに苦しむ人が多く目についた。
What is to become of these people?
その人たちは、いまはどうなっているのか。
Most of us, while mindful of conditions in the disaster-ravaged northeast, continue to live our lives as normal. ほとんどの人は、被災地のことを気にかけながらも、いつもの自分の生活を送っている。
There are also probably many of us who have come to feel thankful for the lives we have and appreciate the importance of each day because of March 11.
「こうやってふつうに暮らせるだけでありがたい」と、これまで以上にあたりまえの日々の大切さをかみしめている人も少なくない。
However, there are also those among us who have been filled these past months with pain and sorrow over the earthquake and tsunami.
ただ、一方で悲しみや心の痛みが長引いている人もいる。
Even now just seeing disaster-related news can drive some people to cry so hard they can't move, and drain them of any ambition for family or work.
いまだに震災関連のニュースを見ると涙があふれて動けない、仕事や家庭生活への意欲がわかない、という人たちは、
These people, who are not in fact direct victims of the catastrophe, have nonetheless been traumatized to such a degree they could even be developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
直接、被災はしていないものの、心のトラウマ後遺症つまりＰＴＳＤに移行しかけているのかもしれない。
PTSD is typically thought to emerge in people with direct experience of a terrible disaster, crime or warfare. これまでＰＴＳＤは直接、災害や犯罪を体験した人だけがなると考えられてきたが、
However, with the earthquake and tsunami on every TV screen, it is possible that PTSD could develop even in people not directly affected.
今回の震災では、テレビなどであの映像に触れた人にも起きる可能性がある。
The scope of the disaster was enormous, as was the flood of news and images about it.
災害の規模が大きく、映像や情報の量も多かったということだ。
For those so deeply affected, I provide directions for ways to relax and prescribe anti-anxiety medication as necessary.
そういう人には必要に応じて緊張を解くリラクゼーション法を指導したり、不安を抑える薬を使ったりもするが、
But I also tell them very earnestly, "You, who feels so much for a disaster zone so far away, are a truly kind and sensitive person."
私はしみじみこう言ってしまう。「遠く離れた被災地のためにそこまで心を痛めているあなたは、本当に心が繊細でやさしいんですね」
I mean this absolutely.
これは私の本音だ。
In this day and age when anyone could say they have only enough energy to think about their own problems, it's amazing that there remain people who can show so much compassion and sorrow over someone they've never even met, sharing their tears and their pain.
誰もが「自分のことだけで精いっぱい」となりがちな今、自分のことでなく、会ったこともない人の悲しみに心を寄り添わせ、いっしょに泣いたり傷ついたりし続けている人たちがいる。
Of course, those who show signs of PTSD should be treated, but I also think that such kindness and empathy should be treasured.
もちろん、その人たちのＰＴＳＤは治すべき“心の病”かもしれないが、私にはそのやさしさは貴重なものにも思えるのだ。
One visitor to my office told me, "After the disaster, I thought I would do anything for the victims; I would give any amount if it helped.
別の人は、診察室でこう言った。「震災直後、私は被災者のために何でもしよう、いくらでも寄付しよう、と思いました。
But, after a while, I forgot that feeling, and went back to my "me-first" everyday existence.
でも、いつのまにかそんなことも忘れて、自分優先の毎日です。
I feel truly terrible about myself when I think about that."
ひどい自己嫌悪を感じます」。
I told the patient, "It's okay as long as you can just feel sympathy.
この人にも、「そう思える気持ちがあるだけで十分。
There's no reason to suffer yourself, so it's best to put what's going on in your own life first."
苦しむ必要はないので、まずは自分の生活を」と声をかけた。
It seems strange to me that those who can quickly switch back to thinking about themselves are happy and doing well, while those who feel the most for the disaster victims must end up overcome by sadness and pain.
いち早く「自分が大切」と気持ちを切り替えた人は元気で、「被災地のために」と考え続けている人が、傷ついたり落ち込んだりしなくてはならない。
Shouldn't these people, whose kindness and generosity lend support to the disaster areas, be supported in turn? That sounds about right to me.
考えてみれば、これはちょっとおかしな話だ。この人たちのやさしさが、被災地を支え、そして自分を支えられるようになればいいのに、と思う。
毎日新聞 2011年7月19日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: The effects of disaster on the kindest among us
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：やさしさと心の病 ／東京
It has now been more than four months since the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami.
震災から４カ月以上がたった。
At my clinic in the Tokyo area, I have had a number of patients come to me with a condition called "sympathy fatigue," brought on essentially by feeling too much, too long for the people in the disaster areas.
首都圏にある私の勤務先の診療所では、被災地の方々に心を寄せすぎて、自分も傷ついてしまう「共感疲労」と呼ばれる状態に陥り、
Symptoms I have observed many times include insomnia, depression, feelings of helplessness, and feeling physically drained.
不眠、気持ちの落ち込み、無力感、からだのだるさなどに苦しむ人が多く目についた。
What is to become of these people?
その人たちは、いまはどうなっているのか。
Most of us, while mindful of conditions in the disaster-ravaged northeast, continue to live our lives as normal. ほとんどの人は、被災地のことを気にかけながらも、いつもの自分の生活を送っている。
There are also probably many of us who have come to feel thankful for the lives we have and appreciate the importance of each day because of March 11.
「こうやってふつうに暮らせるだけでありがたい」と、これまで以上にあたりまえの日々の大切さをかみしめている人も少なくない。
However, there are also those among us who have been filled these past months with pain and sorrow over the earthquake and tsunami.
ただ、一方で悲しみや心の痛みが長引いている人もいる。
Even now just seeing disaster-related news can drive some people to cry so hard they can't move, and drain them of any ambition for family or work.
いまだに震災関連のニュースを見ると涙があふれて動けない、仕事や家庭生活への意欲がわかない、という人たちは、
These people, who are not in fact direct victims of the catastrophe, have nonetheless been traumatized to such a degree they could even be developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
直接、被災はしていないものの、心のトラウマ後遺症つまりＰＴＳＤに移行しかけているのかもしれない。
PTSD is typically thought to emerge in people with direct experience of a terrible disaster, crime or warfare. これまでＰＴＳＤは直接、災害や犯罪を体験した人だけがなると考えられてきたが、
However, with the earthquake and tsunami on every TV screen, it is possible that PTSD could develop even in people not directly affected.
今回の震災では、テレビなどであの映像に触れた人にも起きる可能性がある。
The scope of the disaster was enormous, as was the flood of news and images about it.
災害の規模が大きく、映像や情報の量も多かったということだ。
For those so deeply affected, I provide directions for ways to relax and prescribe anti-anxiety medication as necessary.
そういう人には必要に応じて緊張を解くリラクゼーション法を指導したり、不安を抑える薬を使ったりもするが、
But I also tell them very earnestly, "You, who feels so much for a disaster zone so far away, are a truly kind and sensitive person."
私はしみじみこう言ってしまう。「遠く離れた被災地のためにそこまで心を痛めているあなたは、本当に心が繊細でやさしいんですね」
I mean this absolutely.
これは私の本音だ。
In this day and age when anyone could say they have only enough energy to think about their own problems, it's amazing that there remain people who can show so much compassion and sorrow over someone they've never even met, sharing their tears and their pain.
誰もが「自分のことだけで精いっぱい」となりがちな今、自分のことでなく、会ったこともない人の悲しみに心を寄り添わせ、いっしょに泣いたり傷ついたりし続けている人たちがいる。
Of course, those who show signs of PTSD should be treated, but I also think that such kindness and empathy should be treasured.
もちろん、その人たちのＰＴＳＤは治すべき“心の病”かもしれないが、私にはそのやさしさは貴重なものにも思えるのだ。
One visitor to my office told me, "After the disaster, I thought I would do anything for the victims; I would give any amount if it helped.
別の人は、診察室でこう言った。「震災直後、私は被災者のために何でもしよう、いくらでも寄付しよう、と思いました。
But, after a while, I forgot that feeling, and went back to my "me-first" everyday existence.
でも、いつのまにかそんなことも忘れて、自分優先の毎日です。
I feel truly terrible about myself when I think about that."
ひどい自己嫌悪を感じます」。
I told the patient, "It's okay as long as you can just feel sympathy.
この人にも、「そう思える気持ちがあるだけで十分。
There's no reason to suffer yourself, so it's best to put what's going on in your own life first."
苦しむ必要はないので、まずは自分の生活を」と声をかけた。
It seems strange to me that those who can quickly switch back to thinking about themselves are happy and doing well, while those who feel the most for the disaster victims must end up overcome by sadness and pain.
いち早く「自分が大切」と気持ちを切り替えた人は元気で、「被災地のために」と考え続けている人が、傷ついたり落ち込んだりしなくてはならない。
Shouldn't these people, whose kindness and generosity lend support to the disaster areas, be supported in turn? That sounds about right to me.
考えてみれば、これはちょっとおかしな話だ。この人たちのやさしさが、被災地を支え、そして自分を支えられるようになればいいのに、と思う。
毎日新聞 2011年7月19日 地方版
2011/07/22
-- The Asahi Shimbun, July 21
EDITORIAL: Lessons must be learned from deaths of community firefighters.
津波と消防団―２５１人の教訓から学ぶ
Sachiko Tanaka is the leader of a Sendai group of families of suicide victims, called Ai no kai."
田中幸子さんは、仙台市で自死遺族の集まり「藍の会」を主宰している。
She receives requests for counseling also from the parents of people who died in the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami in March.
震災でわが子を亡くした親からも相談が来る。
A woman in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, told Tanaka that her son, a member of the community fire company, was swept away by the tsunami while trying guide people the way to a safe shelter.
宮城県石巻市の母親は、消防団員の息子が、避難の誘導中に津波にのまれたという。
People tell me that he was a great person who saved many lives," the woman said.
「多くの命を救った立派な息子さんですねと、皆さんおっしゃってくださる」
But I wish he had not become a hero by dying. I wanted my son to be alive instead of saving other people."
「でも、英雄になんかならない方がよかった。ひと様を助けるより、息子には生きててほしかったのに」
The woman spoke in a hoarse subdued, tearful voice.
押し殺した涙声になる。
Tanaka has received calls from some other women in the same situation.
同じ立場の母親からの電話が、ほかにも何本かあったという。
Community firefighters are part-time local government employees who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for the local communities.
They usually have other jobs.
消防団員は地域で仕事をしながら活動する非常勤の地方公務員だ。
The Great East Japan Earthquake left 251 community firefighters dead or missing in the three prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima.
震災では岩手、宮城、福島３県で２５１人が死亡あるいは行方不明になった。
The number is far larger than the death tolls for full-time firefighters and police officers, both around 30.
消防署員と警察官の犠牲がともに約３０人なのと比べて際だって多い。
Since most part-time firefighters are men in the prime of their working lives, many young children are now fatherless.
働き盛りの男性が中心で、多くの子どもが残された。
In a normal year, only several community firefighters are killed in the performance of their duties across the nation.
毎年、全国で殉職する消防団員は数人ほどだから、
The mutual aid program for these firefighters is therefore not sufficiently funded to pay due compensation to the families of those who died in the disaster.
今回の事態に共済制度の遺族補償が十分に支払えない。
A way should be found to increase the amount the bereaved families will receive.
何らかの遺族支援策で補えないものか。
One community firefighter died as he went to shut the floodgate of a tide embankment just as the tsunami was approaching.
津波が迫る防潮堤に水門を閉めに向かった人。
Another perished while striking the alarm bell of a fire tower to warn residents to evacuate.
避難を呼びかけるため、やぐらで半鐘を鳴らし続けた人。
Many members of community fire companies lost their lives to save others.
多くの団員が誰かを助けるために命を落とした。
Let us express our respect and gratitude for these brave men.
私たちは敬意と感謝を忘れない。
But we should do more than simply applaud them as heroes.
そのうえで、決して英雄視するだけで終わってはならないと考える。
Toshitaka Katada, a professor at Gunma University known as an expert in practical disaster prevention education, warns that the tendency of Japanese to praise people who risk their lives in performing their duties is dangerous.
実践的な防災教育で知られる群馬大の片田敏孝教授は、危険を顧みずに職務を全うすることを是とする風潮は危うい、と指摘する。
Katada raises the question of whether sufficient measures were in place for the safety of these firefighters.
彼らの安全を確保する方策は十分だったのか、という問題提起だ。
Community firefighters of today use cellphones as the main tool for communications among them.
最近の消防団は、携帯電話で連絡を取り合うことが多い。
Were the victims alerted to the fact that projected tsunami heights had been raised while the mobile services were disrupted?
携帯が通じないなか、津波の予想高が引き上げられたことは伝わったのか。
It is urgently needed to take steps to improve the communications equipment and systems used by community firefighters.
通信装備などの改善を急がねばならない。
Local fire companies in the hard-hit Sanriku region have been conducting tsunami drills every year.
三陸地方の団員は毎年、津波訓練を積んできた。
When a tsunami warning is issued, community firefighters in the region are supposed to monitor the sea immediately outside the areas expected to be submerged.
浸水想定区域のすぐ外側で海を監視し、
They are also supposed to be the last to evacuate.
逃げるときはしんがりを務める。
Are these rules reasonable?
そんな想定は適切だったか。
There were residents who didn't heed the warnings to evacuate from community firefighters.
消防団が呼びかけても逃げようとしない住民がいた。
It is essential to improve disaster prevention education for citizens, especially for people who are not sufficiently informed of dangers related to earthquakes and other disasters.
そうした人々も含めた防災教育の見直しが欠かせない。
The Fire and Disaster Management Agency plans to start fresh debate on the roles and duties of community fire companies in times of major disasters.
総務省消防庁は、大災害時の消防団活動のあり方を議論していく予定だ。
Close and detailed scrutiny of the damage suffered by community fire companies in the disaster-hit areas will be a good start.
まずは被災状況の詳細な検証が出発点になる。
For long, there have been serious shortages of people willing to serve as community firefighters.
かねて消防団員のなり手不足は深刻だった。
The March disaster has cast a fresh spotlight on the importance of the role of community firefighters as a key force in disaster prevention.
大震災は地域の防災の担い手としての重要性を改めて教えてくれている。
That's why we need to learn lessons from all these tragedies.
だからこそ、悲劇から学ばなければならない。
-- The Asahi Shimbun, July 21
EDITORIAL: Lessons must be learned from deaths of community firefighters.
津波と消防団―２５１人の教訓から学ぶ
Sachiko Tanaka is the leader of a Sendai group of families of suicide victims, called Ai no kai."
田中幸子さんは、仙台市で自死遺族の集まり「藍の会」を主宰している。
She receives requests for counseling also from the parents of people who died in the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami in March.
震災でわが子を亡くした親からも相談が来る。
A woman in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, told Tanaka that her son, a member of the community fire company, was swept away by the tsunami while trying guide people the way to a safe shelter.
宮城県石巻市の母親は、消防団員の息子が、避難の誘導中に津波にのまれたという。
People tell me that he was a great person who saved many lives," the woman said.
「多くの命を救った立派な息子さんですねと、皆さんおっしゃってくださる」
But I wish he had not become a hero by dying. I wanted my son to be alive instead of saving other people."
「でも、英雄になんかならない方がよかった。ひと様を助けるより、息子には生きててほしかったのに」
The woman spoke in a hoarse subdued, tearful voice.
押し殺した涙声になる。
Tanaka has received calls from some other women in the same situation.
同じ立場の母親からの電話が、ほかにも何本かあったという。
Community firefighters are part-time local government employees who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for the local communities.
They usually have other jobs.
消防団員は地域で仕事をしながら活動する非常勤の地方公務員だ。
The Great East Japan Earthquake left 251 community firefighters dead or missing in the three prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima.
震災では岩手、宮城、福島３県で２５１人が死亡あるいは行方不明になった。
The number is far larger than the death tolls for full-time firefighters and police officers, both around 30.
消防署員と警察官の犠牲がともに約３０人なのと比べて際だって多い。
Since most part-time firefighters are men in the prime of their working lives, many young children are now fatherless.
働き盛りの男性が中心で、多くの子どもが残された。
In a normal year, only several community firefighters are killed in the performance of their duties across the nation.
毎年、全国で殉職する消防団員は数人ほどだから、
The mutual aid program for these firefighters is therefore not sufficiently funded to pay due compensation to the families of those who died in the disaster.
今回の事態に共済制度の遺族補償が十分に支払えない。
A way should be found to increase the amount the bereaved families will receive.
何らかの遺族支援策で補えないものか。
One community firefighter died as he went to shut the floodgate of a tide embankment just as the tsunami was approaching.
津波が迫る防潮堤に水門を閉めに向かった人。
Another perished while striking the alarm bell of a fire tower to warn residents to evacuate.
避難を呼びかけるため、やぐらで半鐘を鳴らし続けた人。
Many members of community fire companies lost their lives to save others.
多くの団員が誰かを助けるために命を落とした。
Let us express our respect and gratitude for these brave men.
私たちは敬意と感謝を忘れない。
But we should do more than simply applaud them as heroes.
そのうえで、決して英雄視するだけで終わってはならないと考える。
Toshitaka Katada, a professor at Gunma University known as an expert in practical disaster prevention education, warns that the tendency of Japanese to praise people who risk their lives in performing their duties is dangerous.
実践的な防災教育で知られる群馬大の片田敏孝教授は、危険を顧みずに職務を全うすることを是とする風潮は危うい、と指摘する。
Katada raises the question of whether sufficient measures were in place for the safety of these firefighters.
彼らの安全を確保する方策は十分だったのか、という問題提起だ。
Community firefighters of today use cellphones as the main tool for communications among them.
最近の消防団は、携帯電話で連絡を取り合うことが多い。
Were the victims alerted to the fact that projected tsunami heights had been raised while the mobile services were disrupted?
携帯が通じないなか、津波の予想高が引き上げられたことは伝わったのか。
It is urgently needed to take steps to improve the communications equipment and systems used by community firefighters.
通信装備などの改善を急がねばならない。
Local fire companies in the hard-hit Sanriku region have been conducting tsunami drills every year.
三陸地方の団員は毎年、津波訓練を積んできた。
When a tsunami warning is issued, community firefighters in the region are supposed to monitor the sea immediately outside the areas expected to be submerged.
浸水想定区域のすぐ外側で海を監視し、
They are also supposed to be the last to evacuate.
逃げるときはしんがりを務める。
Are these rules reasonable?
そんな想定は適切だったか。
There were residents who didn't heed the warnings to evacuate from community firefighters.
消防団が呼びかけても逃げようとしない住民がいた。
It is essential to improve disaster prevention education for citizens, especially for people who are not sufficiently informed of dangers related to earthquakes and other disasters.
そうした人々も含めた防災教育の見直しが欠かせない。
The Fire and Disaster Management Agency plans to start fresh debate on the roles and duties of community fire companies in times of major disasters.
総務省消防庁は、大災害時の消防団活動のあり方を議論していく予定だ。
Close and detailed scrutiny of the damage suffered by community fire companies in the disaster-hit areas will be a good start.
まずは被災状況の詳細な検証が出発点になる。
For long, there have been serious shortages of people willing to serve as community firefighters.
かねて消防団員のなり手不足は深刻だった。
The March disaster has cast a fresh spotlight on the importance of the role of community firefighters as a key force in disaster prevention.
大震災は地域の防災の担い手としての重要性を改めて教えてくれている。
That's why we need to learn lessons from all these tragedies.
だからこそ、悲劇から学ばなければならない。
2011/07/21
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 16
EDITORIAL: Investing billions on new fast-breeder reactor should stop.
もんじゅ―開発はあきらめる時だ
During a regular news conference on July 15, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Minister Yoshiaki Takaki was asked about the future of the government's Monju prototype fast-breeder reactor in Fukui Prefecture.
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（福井県）をめぐる高木義明文部科学相の発言が、波紋を呼んでいる。
He replied, "Rather than discuss it in simplistic terms of scrapping or keeping it, let's just say the answer lies in the government's overall energy policy."
高木氏は昨日午前、もんじゅについて「廃止とか、単純に継続とかではなくて、全体的なエネルギー政策の中で結論がおのずと出てくる」と述べた。
When his remarks were interpreted to mean that discontinuing the Monju project was an option being considered by the government, a testy Takaki called another news conference later that day.
それが「開発中止を含め検討」と報じられたのを受け、夕方、改めて記者会見し、
"I never said anything about discontinuing the project," he asserted. "Nobody should be jumping to conclusions."
「中止なんて一言も言っていない」としつつ、「議論に予断は持つわけにはいかない」と語った。
But given the unprecedented gravity of the March meltdowns and Prime Minister Naoto Kan's recent call for a society that relies less on nuclear energy, it is only reasonable to assume that the government intends to radically review the Monju project.
未曽有の原発事故を起こし、原発依存を下げていく以上、政府がもんじゅのあり方を問い直すのは当然のことだ。
Fast-breeder reactors (FBRs) are "dream reactors" that run and fast-breed their plutonium fuel using plutonium, thereby maintaining a nuclear fuel cycle.
高速増殖炉（ＦＢＲ）はプルトニウムを燃料にし、運転しながら燃料を「増殖」させる原発だ。
この「夢の原子炉」によってエネルギーを支える構想を、核燃料サイクルとよぶ。
In the past, many countries sought to perfect this nuclear fuel cycle.
かつては多くの国が核燃料サイクルの実現をめざしたが、
But the United States and other European countries have practically given it up for cost and technical reasons, as well as out of concern for nuclear proliferation issues that might arise from the use of plutonium.
技術的な難しさ、コストの高さ、プルトニウムを扱うことによる核拡散の問題を理由に、欧米はほぼ撤退した。
Japan's Monju project has experienced repeated delays.
日本の計画も遅れに遅れている。
In the 1970s, the government expected the FBR to be commercialized "between 1995 and 2005."
１９７０年代には「９５～２００５年ごろに実用化する」という計画を描いていたが、
But according to the current nuclear energy policy guideline, the target is "by around 2050."
現在の原子力政策大綱では「５０年ごろまでに実用化」としている。
Soon after its startup, the Monju leaked its sodium coolant in December 1995.
もんじゅは初発電から間もない９５年１２月に冷却材のナトリウム漏れ事故を起こした後、
The reactor has remained practically idle ever since, but more than 900 billion yen ($11.37 billion) has been sunk into the project so far.
ほとんど稼働していない。すでに９千億円以上を投じ、
And it costs 55 million yen a day just to maintain it.
停止中も１日５５００万円の維持管理費がかかる。
Since Monju is a prototype reactor, it is to be followed by a demonstration reactor and then a commercial reactor.
しかも、もんじゅは原型炉であり、この次に実証炉、実用炉と続く。
But nothing has been decided as to who will be primarily responsible for the construction of the demonstrator reactor, and the latter will be of a different type from the Monju anyway.
実証炉をだれが主体になってつくるかも未定だ。つくるとしても、もんじゅとは違うタイプになる。
There are no prospects of commercialization.
実用化の見通しは立たない。
In the history of Japan's nuclear development, the Monju symbolized domestic development when all light-water reactors were imports.
日本の原子力開発の歴史において、普通の原発（軽水炉）が外国から丸ごと輸入されたのに対し、もんじゅは国産開発のシンボルだった。
Sodium, which the Monju uses as a coolant, is difficult to control because it can cause an explosion when it reacts with water.
しかし、もんじゅで冷却材に使われるナトリウムは水と爆発的な反応をするため、制御が難しい。
It is a highly dangerous substance if an accident does occur.
事故が起きた場合の危険性は極めて高い。
In one of our special editorials that ran on July 13 in the vernacular Asahi Shimbun, we demanded that the government discontinue its nuclear fuel cycle program.
私たちは１３日付の社説特集「提言 原発ゼロ社会」で、核燃料サイクル計画からの撤退を求めた。
There is little point now in continuing to spend billions of yen on the development of FBRs.
もはや巨額の予算をかけてＦＢＲの開発を進める意味は乏しい。
We believe it is time to abandon the project and decommission the Monju.
ＦＢＲはあきらめ、もんじゅは廃炉にすべきだ。
Once we are through with FBRs, we should radically review the current system of extraction and reprocessing of spent plutonium fuel.
ＦＢＲ時代が来ない以上、使用済み核燃料からプルトニウムを取り出す再処理事業も、根本的に見直さなければならない。
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 16
EDITORIAL: Investing billions on new fast-breeder reactor should stop.
もんじゅ―開発はあきらめる時だ
During a regular news conference on July 15, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Minister Yoshiaki Takaki was asked about the future of the government's Monju prototype fast-breeder reactor in Fukui Prefecture.
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（福井県）をめぐる高木義明文部科学相の発言が、波紋を呼んでいる。
He replied, "Rather than discuss it in simplistic terms of scrapping or keeping it, let's just say the answer lies in the government's overall energy policy."
高木氏は昨日午前、もんじゅについて「廃止とか、単純に継続とかではなくて、全体的なエネルギー政策の中で結論がおのずと出てくる」と述べた。
When his remarks were interpreted to mean that discontinuing the Monju project was an option being considered by the government, a testy Takaki called another news conference later that day.
それが「開発中止を含め検討」と報じられたのを受け、夕方、改めて記者会見し、
"I never said anything about discontinuing the project," he asserted. "Nobody should be jumping to conclusions."
「中止なんて一言も言っていない」としつつ、「議論に予断は持つわけにはいかない」と語った。
But given the unprecedented gravity of the March meltdowns and Prime Minister Naoto Kan's recent call for a society that relies less on nuclear energy, it is only reasonable to assume that the government intends to radically review the Monju project.
未曽有の原発事故を起こし、原発依存を下げていく以上、政府がもんじゅのあり方を問い直すのは当然のことだ。
Fast-breeder reactors (FBRs) are "dream reactors" that run and fast-breed their plutonium fuel using plutonium, thereby maintaining a nuclear fuel cycle.
高速増殖炉（ＦＢＲ）はプルトニウムを燃料にし、運転しながら燃料を「増殖」させる原発だ。
この「夢の原子炉」によってエネルギーを支える構想を、核燃料サイクルとよぶ。
In the past, many countries sought to perfect this nuclear fuel cycle.
かつては多くの国が核燃料サイクルの実現をめざしたが、
But the United States and other European countries have practically given it up for cost and technical reasons, as well as out of concern for nuclear proliferation issues that might arise from the use of plutonium.
技術的な難しさ、コストの高さ、プルトニウムを扱うことによる核拡散の問題を理由に、欧米はほぼ撤退した。
Japan's Monju project has experienced repeated delays.
日本の計画も遅れに遅れている。
In the 1970s, the government expected the FBR to be commercialized "between 1995 and 2005."
１９７０年代には「９５～２００５年ごろに実用化する」という計画を描いていたが、
But according to the current nuclear energy policy guideline, the target is "by around 2050."
現在の原子力政策大綱では「５０年ごろまでに実用化」としている。
Soon after its startup, the Monju leaked its sodium coolant in December 1995.
もんじゅは初発電から間もない９５年１２月に冷却材のナトリウム漏れ事故を起こした後、
The reactor has remained practically idle ever since, but more than 900 billion yen ($11.37 billion) has been sunk into the project so far.
ほとんど稼働していない。すでに９千億円以上を投じ、
And it costs 55 million yen a day just to maintain it.
停止中も１日５５００万円の維持管理費がかかる。
Since Monju is a prototype reactor, it is to be followed by a demonstration reactor and then a commercial reactor.
しかも、もんじゅは原型炉であり、この次に実証炉、実用炉と続く。
But nothing has been decided as to who will be primarily responsible for the construction of the demonstrator reactor, and the latter will be of a different type from the Monju anyway.
実証炉をだれが主体になってつくるかも未定だ。つくるとしても、もんじゅとは違うタイプになる。
There are no prospects of commercialization.
実用化の見通しは立たない。
In the history of Japan's nuclear development, the Monju symbolized domestic development when all light-water reactors were imports.
日本の原子力開発の歴史において、普通の原発（軽水炉）が外国から丸ごと輸入されたのに対し、もんじゅは国産開発のシンボルだった。
Sodium, which the Monju uses as a coolant, is difficult to control because it can cause an explosion when it reacts with water.
しかし、もんじゅで冷却材に使われるナトリウムは水と爆発的な反応をするため、制御が難しい。
It is a highly dangerous substance if an accident does occur.
事故が起きた場合の危険性は極めて高い。
In one of our special editorials that ran on July 13 in the vernacular Asahi Shimbun, we demanded that the government discontinue its nuclear fuel cycle program.
私たちは１３日付の社説特集「提言 原発ゼロ社会」で、核燃料サイクル計画からの撤退を求めた。
There is little point now in continuing to spend billions of yen on the development of FBRs.
もはや巨額の予算をかけてＦＢＲの開発を進める意味は乏しい。
We believe it is time to abandon the project and decommission the Monju.
ＦＢＲはあきらめ、もんじゅは廃炉にすべきだ。
Once we are through with FBRs, we should radically review the current system of extraction and reprocessing of spent plutonium fuel.
ＦＢＲ時代が来ない以上、使用済み核燃料からプルトニウムを取り出す再処理事業も、根本的に見直さなければならない。
2011/07/21
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 16
EDITORIAL: Investing billions on new fast-breeder reactor should stop.
もんじゅ―開発はあきらめる時だ
During a regular news conference on July 15, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Minister Yoshiaki Takaki was asked about the future of the government's Monju prototype fast-breeder reactor in Fukui Prefecture.
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（福井県）をめぐる高木義明文部科学相の発言が、波紋を呼んでいる。
He replied, "Rather than discuss it in simplistic terms of scrapping or keeping it, let's just say the answer lies in the government's overall energy policy."
高木氏は昨日午前、もんじゅについて「廃止とか、単純に継続とかではなくて、全体的なエネルギー政策の中で結論がおのずと出てくる」と述べた。
When his remarks were interpreted to mean that discontinuing the Monju project was an option being considered by the government, a testy Takaki called another news conference later that day.
それが「開発中止を含め検討」と報じられたのを受け、夕方、改めて記者会見し、
"I never said anything about discontinuing the project," he asserted. "Nobody should be jumping to conclusions."
「中止なんて一言も言っていない」としつつ、「議論に予断は持つわけにはいかない」と語った。
But given the unprecedented gravity of the March meltdowns and Prime Minister Naoto Kan's recent call for a society that relies less on nuclear energy, it is only reasonable to assume that the government intends to radically review the Monju project.
未曽有の原発事故を起こし、原発依存を下げていく以上、政府がもんじゅのあり方を問い直すのは当然のことだ。
Fast-breeder reactors (FBRs) are "dream reactors" that run and fast-breed their plutonium fuel using plutonium, thereby maintaining a nuclear fuel cycle.
高速増殖炉（ＦＢＲ）はプルトニウムを燃料にし、運転しながら燃料を「増殖」させる原発だ。
この「夢の原子炉」によってエネルギーを支える構想を、核燃料サイクルとよぶ。
In the past, many countries sought to perfect this nuclear fuel cycle.
かつては多くの国が核燃料サイクルの実現をめざしたが、
But the United States and other European countries have practically given it up for cost and technical reasons, as well as out of concern for nuclear proliferation issues that might arise from the use of plutonium.
技術的な難しさ、コストの高さ、プルトニウムを扱うことによる核拡散の問題を理由に、欧米はほぼ撤退した。
Japan's Monju project has experienced repeated delays.
日本の計画も遅れに遅れている。
In the 1970s, the government expected the FBR to be commercialized "between 1995 and 2005."
１９７０年代には「９５～２００５年ごろに実用化する」という計画を描いていたが、
But according to the current nuclear energy policy guideline, the target is "by around 2050."
現在の原子力政策大綱では「５０年ごろまでに実用化」としている。
Soon after its startup, the Monju leaked its sodium coolant in December 1995.
もんじゅは初発電から間もない９５年１２月に冷却材のナトリウム漏れ事故を起こした後、
The reactor has remained practically idle ever since, but more than 900 billion yen ($11.37 billion) has been sunk into the project so far.
ほとんど稼働していない。すでに９千億円以上を投じ、
And it costs 55 million yen a day just to maintain it.
停止中も１日５５００万円の維持管理費がかかる。
Since Monju is a prototype reactor, it is to be followed by a demonstration reactor and then a commercial reactor.
しかも、もんじゅは原型炉であり、この次に実証炉、実用炉と続く。
But nothing has been decided as to who will be primarily responsible for the construction of the demonstrator reactor, and the latter will be of a different type from the Monju anyway.
実証炉をだれが主体になってつくるかも未定だ。つくるとしても、もんじゅとは違うタイプになる。
There are no prospects of commercialization.
実用化の見通しは立たない。
In the history of Japan's nuclear development, the Monju symbolized domestic development when all light-water reactors were imports.
日本の原子力開発の歴史において、普通の原発（軽水炉）が外国から丸ごと輸入されたのに対し、もんじゅは国産開発のシンボルだった。
Sodium, which the Monju uses as a coolant, is difficult to control because it can cause an explosion when it reacts with water.
しかし、もんじゅで冷却材に使われるナトリウムは水と爆発的な反応をするため、制御が難しい。
It is a highly dangerous substance if an accident does occur.
事故が起きた場合の危険性は極めて高い。
In one of our special editorials that ran on July 13 in the vernacular Asahi Shimbun, we demanded that the government discontinue its nuclear fuel cycle program.
私たちは１３日付の社説特集「提言 原発ゼロ社会」で、核燃料サイクル計画からの撤退を求めた。
There is little point now in continuing to spend billions of yen on the development of FBRs.
もはや巨額の予算をかけてＦＢＲの開発を進める意味は乏しい。
We believe it is time to abandon the project and decommission the Monju.
ＦＢＲはあきらめ、もんじゅは廃炉にすべきだ。
Once we are through with FBRs, we should radically review the current system of extraction and reprocessing of spent plutonium fuel.
ＦＢＲ時代が来ない以上、使用済み核燃料からプルトニウムを取り出す再処理事業も、根本的に見直さなければならない。
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 16
EDITORIAL: Investing billions on new fast-breeder reactor should stop.
もんじゅ―開発はあきらめる時だ
During a regular news conference on July 15, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Minister Yoshiaki Takaki was asked about the future of the government's Monju prototype fast-breeder reactor in Fukui Prefecture.
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（福井県）をめぐる高木義明文部科学相の発言が、波紋を呼んでいる。
He replied, "Rather than discuss it in simplistic terms of scrapping or keeping it, let's just say the answer lies in the government's overall energy policy."
高木氏は昨日午前、もんじゅについて「廃止とか、単純に継続とかではなくて、全体的なエネルギー政策の中で結論がおのずと出てくる」と述べた。
When his remarks were interpreted to mean that discontinuing the Monju project was an option being considered by the government, a testy Takaki called another news conference later that day.
それが「開発中止を含め検討」と報じられたのを受け、夕方、改めて記者会見し、
"I never said anything about discontinuing the project," he asserted. "Nobody should be jumping to conclusions."
「中止なんて一言も言っていない」としつつ、「議論に予断は持つわけにはいかない」と語った。
But given the unprecedented gravity of the March meltdowns and Prime Minister Naoto Kan's recent call for a society that relies less on nuclear energy, it is only reasonable to assume that the government intends to radically review the Monju project.
未曽有の原発事故を起こし、原発依存を下げていく以上、政府がもんじゅのあり方を問い直すのは当然のことだ。
Fast-breeder reactors (FBRs) are "dream reactors" that run and fast-breed their plutonium fuel using plutonium, thereby maintaining a nuclear fuel cycle.
高速増殖炉（ＦＢＲ）はプルトニウムを燃料にし、運転しながら燃料を「増殖」させる原発だ。
この「夢の原子炉」によってエネルギーを支える構想を、核燃料サイクルとよぶ。
In the past, many countries sought to perfect this nuclear fuel cycle.
かつては多くの国が核燃料サイクルの実現をめざしたが、
But the United States and other European countries have practically given it up for cost and technical reasons, as well as out of concern for nuclear proliferation issues that might arise from the use of plutonium.
技術的な難しさ、コストの高さ、プルトニウムを扱うことによる核拡散の問題を理由に、欧米はほぼ撤退した。
Japan's Monju project has experienced repeated delays.
日本の計画も遅れに遅れている。
In the 1970s, the government expected the FBR to be commercialized "between 1995 and 2005."
１９７０年代には「９５～２００５年ごろに実用化する」という計画を描いていたが、
But according to the current nuclear energy policy guideline, the target is "by around 2050."
現在の原子力政策大綱では「５０年ごろまでに実用化」としている。
Soon after its startup, the Monju leaked its sodium coolant in December 1995.
もんじゅは初発電から間もない９５年１２月に冷却材のナトリウム漏れ事故を起こした後、
The reactor has remained practically idle ever since, but more than 900 billion yen ($11.37 billion) has been sunk into the project so far.
ほとんど稼働していない。すでに９千億円以上を投じ、
And it costs 55 million yen a day just to maintain it.
停止中も１日５５００万円の維持管理費がかかる。
Since Monju is a prototype reactor, it is to be followed by a demonstration reactor and then a commercial reactor.
しかも、もんじゅは原型炉であり、この次に実証炉、実用炉と続く。
But nothing has been decided as to who will be primarily responsible for the construction of the demonstrator reactor, and the latter will be of a different type from the Monju anyway.
実証炉をだれが主体になってつくるかも未定だ。つくるとしても、もんじゅとは違うタイプになる。
There are no prospects of commercialization.
実用化の見通しは立たない。
In the history of Japan's nuclear development, the Monju symbolized domestic development when all light-water reactors were imports.
日本の原子力開発の歴史において、普通の原発（軽水炉）が外国から丸ごと輸入されたのに対し、もんじゅは国産開発のシンボルだった。
Sodium, which the Monju uses as a coolant, is difficult to control because it can cause an explosion when it reacts with water.
しかし、もんじゅで冷却材に使われるナトリウムは水と爆発的な反応をするため、制御が難しい。
It is a highly dangerous substance if an accident does occur.
事故が起きた場合の危険性は極めて高い。
In one of our special editorials that ran on July 13 in the vernacular Asahi Shimbun, we demanded that the government discontinue its nuclear fuel cycle program.
私たちは１３日付の社説特集「提言 原発ゼロ社会」で、核燃料サイクル計画からの撤退を求めた。
There is little point now in continuing to spend billions of yen on the development of FBRs.
もはや巨額の予算をかけてＦＢＲの開発を進める意味は乏しい。
We believe it is time to abandon the project and decommission the Monju.
ＦＢＲはあきらめ、もんじゅは廃炉にすべきだ。
Once we are through with FBRs, we should radically review the current system of extraction and reprocessing of spent plutonium fuel.
ＦＢＲ時代が来ない以上、使用済み核燃料からプルトニウムを取り出す再処理事業も、根本的に見直さなければならない。
朝日新聞社は7月13日に、日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための、提言をしていますが、この提言は5部で構成されている大きなものです。
久しぶりに新聞記者の魂を見せてもらいました。
渾身の力作ということができます。
スラチャイも深く感動させられました。
で、ここに日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべてを英日対訳で一括公開いたします。
第1部～第5部についてはリンク掲載ですが、第5部については、以下に全文も掲載いたします。
（スラチャイ記）
This is the all of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
(日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべて。 trans. by srachai)
１） 提言 原発ゼロ社会―いまこそ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.html
２） 脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.html
３） 廃棄物の処理―核燃料サイクルは撤退
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.html
４） 自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.html
５） 新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-b45a.html
2011/07/19
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 13
EDITORIAL/ Seeking a society without nuclear power generation: Let consumers regain leadership in developing energy policy.
新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
2011年7月13日21時45分
This is the last of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
* * *
Two key factors for producing necessary electricity while reducing our reliance on nuclear power are "distributed generation" and "the separation of generation and transmission."
原発を減らしつつ、電力を確保する。それを実現させるキーワードは「電源の分散」と「発電と送電の分離」だ。
For decades, Japan has been building giant nuclear power plants near the seashore that send electricity over long distances to large cities that consume huge amounts of power.
海岸近くに大規模な原発を何基も建設し、遠方の大消費地に電気を送る。
The disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant has dramatically demonstrated that such centralized power generation, which was promoted as the best approach to ensuring a stable power supply, could cause widespread power disruptions and enormous economic damage when a major disaster takes place.
今回の事故では、安定供給に向くとされた集中立地型がむしろ大規模災害時に大きなリスクとなることがあらわになった。
To create a power supply system less vulnerable to disasters and crises, it would be better to use distributed power sources with the help of independent local power generators instead of depending solely on existing regional utilities.
災害や危機に強い電力体制をつくるには、既存の電力会社だけに頼らず多様な事業者に発電を担ってもらい、電源を分散させるほうがいい。
It would also help to expand the use of technologies, such as photovoltaics, to generate more power in small quantities close to where it is needed.
太陽光など消費地で発電する「地産地消」も広げたい。
Establishing a decentralized electricity generation system requires allowing various independent power suppliers to connect their facilities to the power grid on fair terms.
そのためには、さまざまな発電業者が公平に接続できる送電網が不可欠だ。
Since 1995, Japan has been taking steps to liberalize power generation and throw its retail electricity market open to competition.
日本では１９９５年以降、発電分野の自由化や、需要者に直接電気を売る小売り（配電）分野の市場開放を進めてきたが、
But the proposed separation of power generation and transmission has been on ice because of strong opposition from electric power companies.
発電と送電の分離は電力会社の強い反対で見送られた。
The existing large power utilities have been restricting connections to their networks of high-voltage transmission lines under the pretext of ensuring stable power supply.
既存大手は「安定供給」を理由に自社の送電網への接続を厳しく制限し、
The fees charged on newly arrived independent power producers for using transmission lines are so high that they discourage new entries into the business.
送電網の使用料も新規参入者には高すぎる。
As a result, as of April, there were only 32 newcomers in the nation's electricity retail market, accounting for a puny 3 to 4 percent of the total power supply.
結果的に、電力小売市場の新規事業者は今年４月時点で３２社、供給に占める割合も３～４％にとどまる。
We now need to find viable alternatives to nuclear power.
今後は原子力に代わる電力を探さなければならない。
It is clearly necessary to make greater use of alternative power sources, such as renewable energy, small gas-powered turbines and surplus power from independent generators installed by companies and rooftop solar panels at households.
自然エネルギーや小規模なガスタービン、あるいは企業の自家発電設備や太陽光などの設備をつけた家庭から生まれる余剰電力といった多様な電源を、もっと活用する。
To promote such dispersed generation, transmission services should be separated from the production of electric power to ensure fairer operations.
それには、送電部門を発電部門から切り離し、もっと公平に運用する体制を整えるべきだ。
That would increase competition among power generators and retailers, thereby helping to keep down electricity bills.
そうすれば発電業者や小売業者の競争を促すことにもなり、電気料金を抑制する効果も期待できる。
As a negative result of the virtual monopoly of regional power markets by big utilities, however, their transmission line networks are separated and not effectively interconnected with each other.
ただ、地域独占の弊害から、送電網は電力会社ごとに事実上分断されている。
In addition, two different power frequencies have been used in this small country--50 hertz for eastern Japan and 60 hertz for western Japan--under an internationally unique policy that doesn't make any sense.
狭い日本の東と西で周波数が別々なのも、世界から見れば非常識だ。
Since electricity cannot be stored in large quantities, it is necessary to adjust output constantly to fluctuating demand.
電気は大量に「ためる」ことができず、常に需要と供給の量を合わせないといけない。
This is a big challenge especially when dealing with alternative energy sources, which are susceptible to weather conditions.
特に、自然エネルギーは気象条件に左右されやすい。
Since the possible locations for power generation using renewable sources are limited, it is also difficult to match supply with demand within an area served by an existing utility.
発電場所が限定されるため、既存の電力会社管内では需要とマッチしないという問題もある。
Expanding the scope of transmission operations to cover wider areas would increase options for supply-demand adjustments and make it easier to tap renewables.
送電を広域化すれば、需給調整の選択肢が広がり、活用しやすくなる。
This would create a new power supply system based on a combination of dispersed generation and wide-area transmission.
「分散発電・広域送電」の考え方だ。
While it may be impossible to immediately create a fully integrated national grid that allows electricity to flow freely from anywhere in the country to anywhere else, it would be possible and beneficial to integrate the operations of the networks of transmission lines first in eastern Japan, which was directly hit by the March 11 disaster.
一度に全国網を構築するのは無理でも、まずは震災の直接的な影響を受けた東日本から送電網を一体運営してはどうか。
Utilities argue that since transmission services would not generate much profit, separating them from power generation would lead to reduced investment in transmission lines and thereby increase the risk of accidents.
電力会社は「送電事業は薄利だから、分離すると設備投資がおろそかになり事故が起きやすくなる」と主張する。
But this problem could be solved by designing the system cleverly so that fees for using transmission lines will be reasonably based on the necessary costs.
Information about the costs should be fully disclosed for transparency.
しかし、必要なコストをきちんと情報開示し、送電網の使用料に反映できる方式にするなど、制度設計を工夫すれば対応は可能だ。
In Europe and the United States, power generation and transmission are already managed and operated under separate systems or by different companies.
欧米ではすでに発電部門と送電部門を別の管理体系にしたり別会社化したりしている。
Especially in Europe, efforts toward wider transmission have resulted in benefits like stimulating new investment and nurturing power interchange businesses.
特に欧州では広域化を促進することで、新規投資や電力融通ビジネスが盛んになる効果も上げている。
There are, however, many challenges to overcome before such a system can be created.
課題は少なくない。
It must now be assumed that more power consumers in Japan will generate electricity on their own or supply power to each other in a limited scale.
これからは需要側が自ら発電したり、限られた範囲で電気を融通しあったりすることも想定しなければならない。
But the existing transmission lines are designed for one-way flows of electricity from large power plants to consumers.
ところが、これまでの送電網は大規模発電所から需要側への一方通行を前提につくられている。
The proposed policy change would require building a smart grid based on new technology that can handle flows of electricity in the opposite direction without affecting the voltage or frequency.
逆の潮流を受けても電圧や周波数に影響が出ないよう、新たな技術を使って賢い送電網（スマートグリッド）にする必要がある。
Another key issue for debate on the idea is who should be in charge of operating the grid.
送電網の経営主体も議論になろう。
Should it be the government, or one company devoted to the task?
国有化がいいのか、一企業の経営とするのか、
Or some other organization like an association of power consumers?
利用者組合などの組織に委ねるか。
The establishment of a new regulatory and supervisory body for promoting power interchange among generators and ensuring fair connections to the grid should also be considered.
電力融通や公平な接続を促す規制・監視機関も考えなければいけない。
These reforms cannot be carried out overnight.
こうした改革は、一朝一夕にはできない。
In Japan's progress toward a new power supply system, one area where efforts will produce immediate results is demand-side reform for energy and power conservation.
新たな電力体制に向けて、すぐに効果をあげられるのは、省エネ、節電といった「需要側の改革」だ。
A crucial factor here is how households use electricity.
たとえば、家庭での電気の使い方。
The share of households in the nation's overall demand for electricity has been rising steadily in the postwar era and now stands at one-third.
電力需要に占める家庭消費の割合は戦後ほぼ一貫して伸び続け、今では約３分の１を占める。
When it is necessary to curb power consumption during peak demand hours, as in the current power crunch, efforts by households to cut their power use are vital.
今回の電力不足のように、ピーク時の需要抑制が必要な場合、家庭内での電力調整は、きわめて重要だ。
It is urgent to introduce smart meters--electrical meters that track and show how much power is used by which electric appliances in what hours of the day.
どんな時間帯にどんな機器でどれだけ電気が使われているかがわかる「スマートメーター」の導入を急ぎたい。
Sharing such information with power suppliers would make it possible to set different electricity rates for different hours and power sources and thereby increase the use of home electric appliances in hours when demand and prices are lower.
電力を供給する側とデータを共有すれば、時間別や電源別の料金体系を設け、電力の安い時間帯にうまく家電を動かすような工夫も可能になる。
With its sophisticated technologies for information and communication devices and electronic equipment, Japan has the potential to pursue world-leading projects for smart use of power.
情報家電や電子機器に強い日本だからこそ、世界に先駆けた試みができるはずだ。
Given the costs of dealing with the nuclear disaster, rising raw materials prices and the planned introduction of a feed-in tariff program to mandate utilities to buy electricity from renewable sources at fixed prices, electricity bills are likely to trend up for the time being.
原発事故の処理や資源価格の上昇、自然エネルギーの固定価格買い取り制度の導入などを考えると、電力料金は当面、値上げの方向にある。
It is time for Japan to adopt a coherent strategy for smarter and more efficient use of electricity, with conservation as its centerpiece, as a way to reduce the burden on households and the economy as a whole.
家計や経済への負荷を減らす意味でも、節電を軸に賢い電気の使い方を追求するときだ。
We need to break with the longstanding habit of using electricity as much as we want while depending totally on the regional utilities for power supply.
電気を使いたいだけ使い、供給は「お任せ」にしてきた姿勢を改めなければならない。
The power supply reforms to reduce the nation's dependence on nuclear power and replace the centralized generation approach with a decentralized system based on distributed energy facilities would mean a shift from a society dependent on a limited number of power suppliers to a self-sustaining one.
「脱原発」「集中から分散へ」という電力改革は、依存型のエネルギー確保から、
Every member of society would be involved in the pursuit of the best ways to produce, distribute and consume power.
だれもがエネルギーのあり方にかかわる自立型社会への転換を意味する。
In other words, this will be a process for consumers to regain leadership in the development of the energy policy.
エネルギー政策の主権を、消費者側に取り戻す作業と言い換えてもいい。
In such a society, consumers will examine the costs and risks involved in various power generation methods, select power sources on their own and shoulder the burden of necessary costs.
発電にかかるコストやリスクを吟味し、自分たちで電力を選び、必要な費用であれば負担していく。
This is an evolutionary path for democracy.
それは民主主義を深化させる道でもある。
These reforms would lead to new lifestyles, new jobs and new ways of working.
改革の先に、新しい生活や新しい仕事、働き方の芽がある。
It is time for us to take the step in a new direction instead of fearing change.
変化をおそれるより、一歩を踏み出すときだ。
久しぶりに新聞記者の魂を見せてもらいました。
渾身の力作ということができます。
スラチャイも深く感動させられました。
で、ここに日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべてを英日対訳で一括公開いたします。
第1部～第5部についてはリンク掲載ですが、第5部については、以下に全文も掲載いたします。
（スラチャイ記）
This is the all of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
(日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべて。 trans. by srachai)
１） 提言 原発ゼロ社会―いまこそ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.html
２） 脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.html
３） 廃棄物の処理―核燃料サイクルは撤退
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.html
４） 自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.html
５） 新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-b45a.html
2011/07/19
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 13
EDITORIAL/ Seeking a society without nuclear power generation: Let consumers regain leadership in developing energy policy.
新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
2011年7月13日21時45分
This is the last of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
* * *
Two key factors for producing necessary electricity while reducing our reliance on nuclear power are "distributed generation" and "the separation of generation and transmission."
原発を減らしつつ、電力を確保する。それを実現させるキーワードは「電源の分散」と「発電と送電の分離」だ。
For decades, Japan has been building giant nuclear power plants near the seashore that send electricity over long distances to large cities that consume huge amounts of power.
海岸近くに大規模な原発を何基も建設し、遠方の大消費地に電気を送る。
The disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant has dramatically demonstrated that such centralized power generation, which was promoted as the best approach to ensuring a stable power supply, could cause widespread power disruptions and enormous economic damage when a major disaster takes place.
今回の事故では、安定供給に向くとされた集中立地型がむしろ大規模災害時に大きなリスクとなることがあらわになった。
To create a power supply system less vulnerable to disasters and crises, it would be better to use distributed power sources with the help of independent local power generators instead of depending solely on existing regional utilities.
災害や危機に強い電力体制をつくるには、既存の電力会社だけに頼らず多様な事業者に発電を担ってもらい、電源を分散させるほうがいい。
It would also help to expand the use of technologies, such as photovoltaics, to generate more power in small quantities close to where it is needed.
太陽光など消費地で発電する「地産地消」も広げたい。
Establishing a decentralized electricity generation system requires allowing various independent power suppliers to connect their facilities to the power grid on fair terms.
そのためには、さまざまな発電業者が公平に接続できる送電網が不可欠だ。
Since 1995, Japan has been taking steps to liberalize power generation and throw its retail electricity market open to competition.
日本では１９９５年以降、発電分野の自由化や、需要者に直接電気を売る小売り（配電）分野の市場開放を進めてきたが、
But the proposed separation of power generation and transmission has been on ice because of strong opposition from electric power companies.
発電と送電の分離は電力会社の強い反対で見送られた。
The existing large power utilities have been restricting connections to their networks of high-voltage transmission lines under the pretext of ensuring stable power supply.
既存大手は「安定供給」を理由に自社の送電網への接続を厳しく制限し、
The fees charged on newly arrived independent power producers for using transmission lines are so high that they discourage new entries into the business.
送電網の使用料も新規参入者には高すぎる。
As a result, as of April, there were only 32 newcomers in the nation's electricity retail market, accounting for a puny 3 to 4 percent of the total power supply.
結果的に、電力小売市場の新規事業者は今年４月時点で３２社、供給に占める割合も３～４％にとどまる。
We now need to find viable alternatives to nuclear power.
今後は原子力に代わる電力を探さなければならない。
It is clearly necessary to make greater use of alternative power sources, such as renewable energy, small gas-powered turbines and surplus power from independent generators installed by companies and rooftop solar panels at households.
自然エネルギーや小規模なガスタービン、あるいは企業の自家発電設備や太陽光などの設備をつけた家庭から生まれる余剰電力といった多様な電源を、もっと活用する。
To promote such dispersed generation, transmission services should be separated from the production of electric power to ensure fairer operations.
それには、送電部門を発電部門から切り離し、もっと公平に運用する体制を整えるべきだ。
That would increase competition among power generators and retailers, thereby helping to keep down electricity bills.
そうすれば発電業者や小売業者の競争を促すことにもなり、電気料金を抑制する効果も期待できる。
As a negative result of the virtual monopoly of regional power markets by big utilities, however, their transmission line networks are separated and not effectively interconnected with each other.
ただ、地域独占の弊害から、送電網は電力会社ごとに事実上分断されている。
In addition, two different power frequencies have been used in this small country--50 hertz for eastern Japan and 60 hertz for western Japan--under an internationally unique policy that doesn't make any sense.
狭い日本の東と西で周波数が別々なのも、世界から見れば非常識だ。
Since electricity cannot be stored in large quantities, it is necessary to adjust output constantly to fluctuating demand.
電気は大量に「ためる」ことができず、常に需要と供給の量を合わせないといけない。
This is a big challenge especially when dealing with alternative energy sources, which are susceptible to weather conditions.
特に、自然エネルギーは気象条件に左右されやすい。
Since the possible locations for power generation using renewable sources are limited, it is also difficult to match supply with demand within an area served by an existing utility.
発電場所が限定されるため、既存の電力会社管内では需要とマッチしないという問題もある。
Expanding the scope of transmission operations to cover wider areas would increase options for supply-demand adjustments and make it easier to tap renewables.
送電を広域化すれば、需給調整の選択肢が広がり、活用しやすくなる。
This would create a new power supply system based on a combination of dispersed generation and wide-area transmission.
「分散発電・広域送電」の考え方だ。
While it may be impossible to immediately create a fully integrated national grid that allows electricity to flow freely from anywhere in the country to anywhere else, it would be possible and beneficial to integrate the operations of the networks of transmission lines first in eastern Japan, which was directly hit by the March 11 disaster.
一度に全国網を構築するのは無理でも、まずは震災の直接的な影響を受けた東日本から送電網を一体運営してはどうか。
Utilities argue that since transmission services would not generate much profit, separating them from power generation would lead to reduced investment in transmission lines and thereby increase the risk of accidents.
電力会社は「送電事業は薄利だから、分離すると設備投資がおろそかになり事故が起きやすくなる」と主張する。
But this problem could be solved by designing the system cleverly so that fees for using transmission lines will be reasonably based on the necessary costs.
Information about the costs should be fully disclosed for transparency.
しかし、必要なコストをきちんと情報開示し、送電網の使用料に反映できる方式にするなど、制度設計を工夫すれば対応は可能だ。
In Europe and the United States, power generation and transmission are already managed and operated under separate systems or by different companies.
欧米ではすでに発電部門と送電部門を別の管理体系にしたり別会社化したりしている。
Especially in Europe, efforts toward wider transmission have resulted in benefits like stimulating new investment and nurturing power interchange businesses.
特に欧州では広域化を促進することで、新規投資や電力融通ビジネスが盛んになる効果も上げている。
There are, however, many challenges to overcome before such a system can be created.
課題は少なくない。
It must now be assumed that more power consumers in Japan will generate electricity on their own or supply power to each other in a limited scale.
これからは需要側が自ら発電したり、限られた範囲で電気を融通しあったりすることも想定しなければならない。
But the existing transmission lines are designed for one-way flows of electricity from large power plants to consumers.
ところが、これまでの送電網は大規模発電所から需要側への一方通行を前提につくられている。
The proposed policy change would require building a smart grid based on new technology that can handle flows of electricity in the opposite direction without affecting the voltage or frequency.
逆の潮流を受けても電圧や周波数に影響が出ないよう、新たな技術を使って賢い送電網（スマートグリッド）にする必要がある。
Another key issue for debate on the idea is who should be in charge of operating the grid.
送電網の経営主体も議論になろう。
Should it be the government, or one company devoted to the task?
国有化がいいのか、一企業の経営とするのか、
Or some other organization like an association of power consumers?
利用者組合などの組織に委ねるか。
The establishment of a new regulatory and supervisory body for promoting power interchange among generators and ensuring fair connections to the grid should also be considered.
電力融通や公平な接続を促す規制・監視機関も考えなければいけない。
These reforms cannot be carried out overnight.
こうした改革は、一朝一夕にはできない。
In Japan's progress toward a new power supply system, one area where efforts will produce immediate results is demand-side reform for energy and power conservation.
新たな電力体制に向けて、すぐに効果をあげられるのは、省エネ、節電といった「需要側の改革」だ。
A crucial factor here is how households use electricity.
たとえば、家庭での電気の使い方。
The share of households in the nation's overall demand for electricity has been rising steadily in the postwar era and now stands at one-third.
電力需要に占める家庭消費の割合は戦後ほぼ一貫して伸び続け、今では約３分の１を占める。
When it is necessary to curb power consumption during peak demand hours, as in the current power crunch, efforts by households to cut their power use are vital.
今回の電力不足のように、ピーク時の需要抑制が必要な場合、家庭内での電力調整は、きわめて重要だ。
It is urgent to introduce smart meters--electrical meters that track and show how much power is used by which electric appliances in what hours of the day.
どんな時間帯にどんな機器でどれだけ電気が使われているかがわかる「スマートメーター」の導入を急ぎたい。
Sharing such information with power suppliers would make it possible to set different electricity rates for different hours and power sources and thereby increase the use of home electric appliances in hours when demand and prices are lower.
電力を供給する側とデータを共有すれば、時間別や電源別の料金体系を設け、電力の安い時間帯にうまく家電を動かすような工夫も可能になる。
With its sophisticated technologies for information and communication devices and electronic equipment, Japan has the potential to pursue world-leading projects for smart use of power.
情報家電や電子機器に強い日本だからこそ、世界に先駆けた試みができるはずだ。
Given the costs of dealing with the nuclear disaster, rising raw materials prices and the planned introduction of a feed-in tariff program to mandate utilities to buy electricity from renewable sources at fixed prices, electricity bills are likely to trend up for the time being.
原発事故の処理や資源価格の上昇、自然エネルギーの固定価格買い取り制度の導入などを考えると、電力料金は当面、値上げの方向にある。
It is time for Japan to adopt a coherent strategy for smarter and more efficient use of electricity, with conservation as its centerpiece, as a way to reduce the burden on households and the economy as a whole.
家計や経済への負荷を減らす意味でも、節電を軸に賢い電気の使い方を追求するときだ。
We need to break with the longstanding habit of using electricity as much as we want while depending totally on the regional utilities for power supply.
電気を使いたいだけ使い、供給は「お任せ」にしてきた姿勢を改めなければならない。
The power supply reforms to reduce the nation's dependence on nuclear power and replace the centralized generation approach with a decentralized system based on distributed energy facilities would mean a shift from a society dependent on a limited number of power suppliers to a self-sustaining one.
「脱原発」「集中から分散へ」という電力改革は、依存型のエネルギー確保から、
Every member of society would be involved in the pursuit of the best ways to produce, distribute and consume power.
だれもがエネルギーのあり方にかかわる自立型社会への転換を意味する。
In other words, this will be a process for consumers to regain leadership in the development of the energy policy.
エネルギー政策の主権を、消費者側に取り戻す作業と言い換えてもいい。
In such a society, consumers will examine the costs and risks involved in various power generation methods, select power sources on their own and shoulder the burden of necessary costs.
発電にかかるコストやリスクを吟味し、自分たちで電力を選び、必要な費用であれば負担していく。
This is an evolutionary path for democracy.
それは民主主義を深化させる道でもある。
These reforms would lead to new lifestyles, new jobs and new ways of working.
改革の先に、新しい生活や新しい仕事、働き方の芽がある。
It is time for us to take the step in a new direction instead of fearing change.
変化をおそれるより、一歩を踏み出すときだ。
朝日新聞社は7月13日に、日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための、提言をしていますが、この提言は5部で構成されている大きなものです。
久しぶりに新聞記者の魂を見せてもらいました。
渾身の力作ということができます。
スラチャイも深く感動させられました。
で、ここに日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべてを英日対訳で一括公開いたします。
第1部～第5部についてはリンク掲載ですが、第5部については、以下に全文も掲載いたします。
（スラチャイ記）
This is the all of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
(日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべて。 trans. by srachai)
１） 提言 原発ゼロ社会―いまこそ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.html
２） 脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.html
３） 廃棄物の処理―核燃料サイクルは撤退
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.html
４） 自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.html
５） 新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-b45a.html
2011/07/19
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 13
EDITORIAL/ Seeking a society without nuclear power generation: Let consumers regain leadership in developing energy policy.
新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
2011年7月13日21時45分
This is the last of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
* * *
Two key factors for producing necessary electricity while reducing our reliance on nuclear power are "distributed generation" and "the separation of generation and transmission."
原発を減らしつつ、電力を確保する。それを実現させるキーワードは「電源の分散」と「発電と送電の分離」だ。
For decades, Japan has been building giant nuclear power plants near the seashore that send electricity over long distances to large cities that consume huge amounts of power.
海岸近くに大規模な原発を何基も建設し、遠方の大消費地に電気を送る。
The disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant has dramatically demonstrated that such centralized power generation, which was promoted as the best approach to ensuring a stable power supply, could cause widespread power disruptions and enormous economic damage when a major disaster takes place.
今回の事故では、安定供給に向くとされた集中立地型がむしろ大規模災害時に大きなリスクとなることがあらわになった。
To create a power supply system less vulnerable to disasters and crises, it would be better to use distributed power sources with the help of independent local power generators instead of depending solely on existing regional utilities.
災害や危機に強い電力体制をつくるには、既存の電力会社だけに頼らず多様な事業者に発電を担ってもらい、電源を分散させるほうがいい。
It would also help to expand the use of technologies, such as photovoltaics, to generate more power in small quantities close to where it is needed.
太陽光など消費地で発電する「地産地消」も広げたい。
Establishing a decentralized electricity generation system requires allowing various independent power suppliers to connect their facilities to the power grid on fair terms.
そのためには、さまざまな発電業者が公平に接続できる送電網が不可欠だ。
Since 1995, Japan has been taking steps to liberalize power generation and throw its retail electricity market open to competition.
日本では１９９５年以降、発電分野の自由化や、需要者に直接電気を売る小売り（配電）分野の市場開放を進めてきたが、
But the proposed separation of power generation and transmission has been on ice because of strong opposition from electric power companies.
発電と送電の分離は電力会社の強い反対で見送られた。
The existing large power utilities have been restricting connections to their networks of high-voltage transmission lines under the pretext of ensuring stable power supply.
既存大手は「安定供給」を理由に自社の送電網への接続を厳しく制限し、
The fees charged on newly arrived independent power producers for using transmission lines are so high that they discourage new entries into the business.
送電網の使用料も新規参入者には高すぎる。
As a result, as of April, there were only 32 newcomers in the nation's electricity retail market, accounting for a puny 3 to 4 percent of the total power supply.
結果的に、電力小売市場の新規事業者は今年４月時点で３２社、供給に占める割合も３～４％にとどまる。
We now need to find viable alternatives to nuclear power.
今後は原子力に代わる電力を探さなければならない。
It is clearly necessary to make greater use of alternative power sources, such as renewable energy, small gas-powered turbines and surplus power from independent generators installed by companies and rooftop solar panels at households.
自然エネルギーや小規模なガスタービン、あるいは企業の自家発電設備や太陽光などの設備をつけた家庭から生まれる余剰電力といった多様な電源を、もっと活用する。
To promote such dispersed generation, transmission services should be separated from the production of electric power to ensure fairer operations.
それには、送電部門を発電部門から切り離し、もっと公平に運用する体制を整えるべきだ。
That would increase competition among power generators and retailers, thereby helping to keep down electricity bills.
そうすれば発電業者や小売業者の競争を促すことにもなり、電気料金を抑制する効果も期待できる。
As a negative result of the virtual monopoly of regional power markets by big utilities, however, their transmission line networks are separated and not effectively interconnected with each other.
ただ、地域独占の弊害から、送電網は電力会社ごとに事実上分断されている。
In addition, two different power frequencies have been used in this small country--50 hertz for eastern Japan and 60 hertz for western Japan--under an internationally unique policy that doesn't make any sense.
狭い日本の東と西で周波数が別々なのも、世界から見れば非常識だ。
Since electricity cannot be stored in large quantities, it is necessary to adjust output constantly to fluctuating demand.
電気は大量に「ためる」ことができず、常に需要と供給の量を合わせないといけない。
This is a big challenge especially when dealing with alternative energy sources, which are susceptible to weather conditions.
特に、自然エネルギーは気象条件に左右されやすい。
Since the possible locations for power generation using renewable sources are limited, it is also difficult to match supply with demand within an area served by an existing utility.
発電場所が限定されるため、既存の電力会社管内では需要とマッチしないという問題もある。
Expanding the scope of transmission operations to cover wider areas would increase options for supply-demand adjustments and make it easier to tap renewables.
送電を広域化すれば、需給調整の選択肢が広がり、活用しやすくなる。
This would create a new power supply system based on a combination of dispersed generation and wide-area transmission.
「分散発電・広域送電」の考え方だ。
While it may be impossible to immediately create a fully integrated national grid that allows electricity to flow freely from anywhere in the country to anywhere else, it would be possible and beneficial to integrate the operations of the networks of transmission lines first in eastern Japan, which was directly hit by the March 11 disaster.
一度に全国網を構築するのは無理でも、まずは震災の直接的な影響を受けた東日本から送電網を一体運営してはどうか。
Utilities argue that since transmission services would not generate much profit, separating them from power generation would lead to reduced investment in transmission lines and thereby increase the risk of accidents.
電力会社は「送電事業は薄利だから、分離すると設備投資がおろそかになり事故が起きやすくなる」と主張する。
But this problem could be solved by designing the system cleverly so that fees for using transmission lines will be reasonably based on the necessary costs.
Information about the costs should be fully disclosed for transparency.
しかし、必要なコストをきちんと情報開示し、送電網の使用料に反映できる方式にするなど、制度設計を工夫すれば対応は可能だ。
In Europe and the United States, power generation and transmission are already managed and operated under separate systems or by different companies.
欧米ではすでに発電部門と送電部門を別の管理体系にしたり別会社化したりしている。
Especially in Europe, efforts toward wider transmission have resulted in benefits like stimulating new investment and nurturing power interchange businesses.
特に欧州では広域化を促進することで、新規投資や電力融通ビジネスが盛んになる効果も上げている。
There are, however, many challenges to overcome before such a system can be created.
課題は少なくない。
It must now be assumed that more power consumers in Japan will generate electricity on their own or supply power to each other in a limited scale.
これからは需要側が自ら発電したり、限られた範囲で電気を融通しあったりすることも想定しなければならない。
But the existing transmission lines are designed for one-way flows of electricity from large power plants to consumers.
ところが、これまでの送電網は大規模発電所から需要側への一方通行を前提につくられている。
The proposed policy change would require building a smart grid based on new technology that can handle flows of electricity in the opposite direction without affecting the voltage or frequency.
逆の潮流を受けても電圧や周波数に影響が出ないよう、新たな技術を使って賢い送電網（スマートグリッド）にする必要がある。
Another key issue for debate on the idea is who should be in charge of operating the grid.
送電網の経営主体も議論になろう。
Should it be the government, or one company devoted to the task?
国有化がいいのか、一企業の経営とするのか、
Or some other organization like an association of power consumers?
利用者組合などの組織に委ねるか。
The establishment of a new regulatory and supervisory body for promoting power interchange among generators and ensuring fair connections to the grid should also be considered.
電力融通や公平な接続を促す規制・監視機関も考えなければいけない。
These reforms cannot be carried out overnight.
こうした改革は、一朝一夕にはできない。
In Japan's progress toward a new power supply system, one area where efforts will produce immediate results is demand-side reform for energy and power conservation.
新たな電力体制に向けて、すぐに効果をあげられるのは、省エネ、節電といった「需要側の改革」だ。
A crucial factor here is how households use electricity.
たとえば、家庭での電気の使い方。
The share of households in the nation's overall demand for electricity has been rising steadily in the postwar era and now stands at one-third.
電力需要に占める家庭消費の割合は戦後ほぼ一貫して伸び続け、今では約３分の１を占める。
When it is necessary to curb power consumption during peak demand hours, as in the current power crunch, efforts by households to cut their power use are vital.
今回の電力不足のように、ピーク時の需要抑制が必要な場合、家庭内での電力調整は、きわめて重要だ。
It is urgent to introduce smart meters--electrical meters that track and show how much power is used by which electric appliances in what hours of the day.
どんな時間帯にどんな機器でどれだけ電気が使われているかがわかる「スマートメーター」の導入を急ぎたい。
Sharing such information with power suppliers would make it possible to set different electricity rates for different hours and power sources and thereby increase the use of home electric appliances in hours when demand and prices are lower.
電力を供給する側とデータを共有すれば、時間別や電源別の料金体系を設け、電力の安い時間帯にうまく家電を動かすような工夫も可能になる。
With its sophisticated technologies for information and communication devices and electronic equipment, Japan has the potential to pursue world-leading projects for smart use of power.
情報家電や電子機器に強い日本だからこそ、世界に先駆けた試みができるはずだ。
Given the costs of dealing with the nuclear disaster, rising raw materials prices and the planned introduction of a feed-in tariff program to mandate utilities to buy electricity from renewable sources at fixed prices, electricity bills are likely to trend up for the time being.
原発事故の処理や資源価格の上昇、自然エネルギーの固定価格買い取り制度の導入などを考えると、電力料金は当面、値上げの方向にある。
It is time for Japan to adopt a coherent strategy for smarter and more efficient use of electricity, with conservation as its centerpiece, as a way to reduce the burden on households and the economy as a whole.
家計や経済への負荷を減らす意味でも、節電を軸に賢い電気の使い方を追求するときだ。
We need to break with the longstanding habit of using electricity as much as we want while depending totally on the regional utilities for power supply.
電気を使いたいだけ使い、供給は「お任せ」にしてきた姿勢を改めなければならない。
The power supply reforms to reduce the nation's dependence on nuclear power and replace the centralized generation approach with a decentralized system based on distributed energy facilities would mean a shift from a society dependent on a limited number of power suppliers to a self-sustaining one.
「脱原発」「集中から分散へ」という電力改革は、依存型のエネルギー確保から、
Every member of society would be involved in the pursuit of the best ways to produce, distribute and consume power.
だれもがエネルギーのあり方にかかわる自立型社会への転換を意味する。
In other words, this will be a process for consumers to regain leadership in the development of the energy policy.
エネルギー政策の主権を、消費者側に取り戻す作業と言い換えてもいい。
In such a society, consumers will examine the costs and risks involved in various power generation methods, select power sources on their own and shoulder the burden of necessary costs.
発電にかかるコストやリスクを吟味し、自分たちで電力を選び、必要な費用であれば負担していく。
This is an evolutionary path for democracy.
それは民主主義を深化させる道でもある。
These reforms would lead to new lifestyles, new jobs and new ways of working.
改革の先に、新しい生活や新しい仕事、働き方の芽がある。
It is time for us to take the step in a new direction instead of fearing change.
変化をおそれるより、一歩を踏み出すときだ。
久しぶりに新聞記者の魂を見せてもらいました。
渾身の力作ということができます。
スラチャイも深く感動させられました。
で、ここに日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべてを英日対訳で一括公開いたします。
第1部～第5部についてはリンク掲載ですが、第5部については、以下に全文も掲載いたします。
（スラチャイ記）
This is the all of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
(日本が脱原発によりエネルギーを得るための朝日新聞５提言のすべて。 trans. by srachai)
１） 提言 原発ゼロ社会―いまこそ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-2b3e.html
２） 脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ脱原発への道筋―高リスク炉から順次、廃炉へ
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-34d3.html
３） 廃棄物の処理―核燃料サイクルは撤退
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-6286.html
４） 自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう自然エネルギー政策―風・光・熱 大きく育てよう
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.htmlhttp://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-3781.html
５） 新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
http://kiyoshimatforklog.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2011/07/post-b45a.html
2011/07/19
--The Asahi Shimbun, July 13
EDITORIAL/ Seeking a society without nuclear power generation: Let consumers regain leadership in developing energy policy.
新たな電力体制―分散型へ送電網の分離を〈社説特集〉
2011年7月13日21時45分
This is the last of a five-part editorial series proposing ways for Japan to achieve a society that does not depend on nuclear power generation for its energy supply.
* * *
Two key factors for producing necessary electricity while reducing our reliance on nuclear power are "distributed generation" and "the separation of generation and transmission."
原発を減らしつつ、電力を確保する。それを実現させるキーワードは「電源の分散」と「発電と送電の分離」だ。
For decades, Japan has been building giant nuclear power plants near the seashore that send electricity over long distances to large cities that consume huge amounts of power.
海岸近くに大規模な原発を何基も建設し、遠方の大消費地に電気を送る。
The disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant has dramatically demonstrated that such centralized power generation, which was promoted as the best approach to ensuring a stable power supply, could cause widespread power disruptions and enormous economic damage when a major disaster takes place.
今回の事故では、安定供給に向くとされた集中立地型がむしろ大規模災害時に大きなリスクとなることがあらわになった。
To create a power supply system less vulnerable to disasters and crises, it would be better to use distributed power sources with the help of independent local power generators instead of depending solely on existing regional utilities.
災害や危機に強い電力体制をつくるには、既存の電力会社だけに頼らず多様な事業者に発電を担ってもらい、電源を分散させるほうがいい。
It would also help to expand the use of technologies, such as photovoltaics, to generate more power in small quantities close to where it is needed.
太陽光など消費地で発電する「地産地消」も広げたい。
Establishing a decentralized electricity generation system requires allowing various independent power suppliers to connect their facilities to the power grid on fair terms.
そのためには、さまざまな発電業者が公平に接続できる送電網が不可欠だ。
Since 1995, Japan has been taking steps to liberalize power generation and throw its retail electricity market open to competition.
日本では１９９５年以降、発電分野の自由化や、需要者に直接電気を売る小売り（配電）分野の市場開放を進めてきたが、
But the proposed separation of power generation and transmission has been on ice because of strong opposition from electric power companies.
発電と送電の分離は電力会社の強い反対で見送られた。
The existing large power utilities have been restricting connections to their networks of high-voltage transmission lines under the pretext of ensuring stable power supply.
既存大手は「安定供給」を理由に自社の送電網への接続を厳しく制限し、
The fees charged on newly arrived independent power producers for using transmission lines are so high that they discourage new entries into the business.
送電網の使用料も新規参入者には高すぎる。
As a result, as of April, there were only 32 newcomers in the nation's electricity retail market, accounting for a puny 3 to 4 percent of the total power supply.
結果的に、電力小売市場の新規事業者は今年４月時点で３２社、供給に占める割合も３～４％にとどまる。
We now need to find viable alternatives to nuclear power.
今後は原子力に代わる電力を探さなければならない。
It is clearly necessary to make greater use of alternative power sources, such as renewable energy, small gas-powered turbines and surplus power from independent generators installed by companies and rooftop solar panels at households.
自然エネルギーや小規模なガスタービン、あるいは企業の自家発電設備や太陽光などの設備をつけた家庭から生まれる余剰電力といった多様な電源を、もっと活用する。
To promote such dispersed generation, transmission services should be separated from the production of electric power to ensure fairer operations.
それには、送電部門を発電部門から切り離し、もっと公平に運用する体制を整えるべきだ。
That would increase competition among power generators and retailers, thereby helping to keep down electricity bills.
そうすれば発電業者や小売業者の競争を促すことにもなり、電気料金を抑制する効果も期待できる。
As a negative result of the virtual monopoly of regional power markets by big utilities, however, their transmission line networks are separated and not effectively interconnected with each other.
ただ、地域独占の弊害から、送電網は電力会社ごとに事実上分断されている。
In addition, two different power frequencies have been used in this small country--50 hertz for eastern Japan and 60 hertz for western Japan--under an internationally unique policy that doesn't make any sense.
狭い日本の東と西で周波数が別々なのも、世界から見れば非常識だ。
Since electricity cannot be stored in large quantities, it is necessary to adjust output constantly to fluctuating demand.
電気は大量に「ためる」ことができず、常に需要と供給の量を合わせないといけない。
This is a big challenge especially when dealing with alternative energy sources, which are susceptible to weather conditions.
特に、自然エネルギーは気象条件に左右されやすい。
Since the possible locations for power generation using renewable sources are limited, it is also difficult to match supply with demand within an area served by an existing utility.
発電場所が限定されるため、既存の電力会社管内では需要とマッチしないという問題もある。
Expanding the scope of transmission operations to cover wider areas would increase options for supply-demand adjustments and make it easier to tap renewables.
送電を広域化すれば、需給調整の選択肢が広がり、活用しやすくなる。
This would create a new power supply system based on a combination of dispersed generation and wide-area transmission.
「分散発電・広域送電」の考え方だ。
While it may be impossible to immediately create a fully integrated national grid that allows electricity to flow freely from anywhere in the country to anywhere else, it would be possible and beneficial to integrate the operations of the networks of transmission lines first in eastern Japan, which was directly hit by the March 11 disaster.
一度に全国網を構築するのは無理でも、まずは震災の直接的な影響を受けた東日本から送電網を一体運営してはどうか。
Utilities argue that since transmission services would not generate much profit, separating them from power generation would lead to reduced investment in transmission lines and thereby increase the risk of accidents.
電力会社は「送電事業は薄利だから、分離すると設備投資がおろそかになり事故が起きやすくなる」と主張する。
But this problem could be solved by designing the system cleverly so that fees for using transmission lines will be reasonably based on the necessary costs.
Information about the costs should be fully disclosed for transparency.
しかし、必要なコストをきちんと情報開示し、送電網の使用料に反映できる方式にするなど、制度設計を工夫すれば対応は可能だ。
In Europe and the United States, power generation and transmission are already managed and operated under separate systems or by different companies.
欧米ではすでに発電部門と送電部門を別の管理体系にしたり別会社化したりしている。
Especially in Europe, efforts toward wider transmission have resulted in benefits like stimulating new investment and nurturing power interchange businesses.
特に欧州では広域化を促進することで、新規投資や電力融通ビジネスが盛んになる効果も上げている。
There are, however, many challenges to overcome before such a system can be created.
課題は少なくない。
It must now be assumed that more power consumers in Japan will generate electricity on their own or supply power to each other in a limited scale.
これからは需要側が自ら発電したり、限られた範囲で電気を融通しあったりすることも想定しなければならない。
But the existing transmission lines are designed for one-way flows of electricity from large power plants to consumers.
ところが、これまでの送電網は大規模発電所から需要側への一方通行を前提につくられている。
The proposed policy change would require building a smart grid based on new technology that can handle flows of electricity in the opposite direction without affecting the voltage or frequency.
逆の潮流を受けても電圧や周波数に影響が出ないよう、新たな技術を使って賢い送電網（スマートグリッド）にする必要がある。
Another key issue for debate on the idea is who should be in charge of operating the grid.
送電網の経営主体も議論になろう。
Should it be the government, or one company devoted to the task?
国有化がいいのか、一企業の経営とするのか、
Or some other organization like an association of power consumers?
利用者組合などの組織に委ねるか。
The establishment of a new regulatory and supervisory body for promoting power interchange among generators and ensuring fair connections to the grid should also be considered.
電力融通や公平な接続を促す規制・監視機関も考えなければいけない。
These reforms cannot be carried out overnight.
こうした改革は、一朝一夕にはできない。
In Japan's progress toward a new power supply system, one area where efforts will produce immediate results is demand-side reform for energy and power conservation.
新たな電力体制に向けて、すぐに効果をあげられるのは、省エネ、節電といった「需要側の改革」だ。
A crucial factor here is how households use electricity.
たとえば、家庭での電気の使い方。
The share of households in the nation's overall demand for electricity has been rising steadily in the postwar era and now stands at one-third.
電力需要に占める家庭消費の割合は戦後ほぼ一貫して伸び続け、今では約３分の１を占める。
When it is necessary to curb power consumption during peak demand hours, as in the current power crunch, efforts by households to cut their power use are vital.
今回の電力不足のように、ピーク時の需要抑制が必要な場合、家庭内での電力調整は、きわめて重要だ。
It is urgent to introduce smart meters--electrical meters that track and show how much power is used by which electric appliances in what hours of the day.
どんな時間帯にどんな機器でどれだけ電気が使われているかがわかる「スマートメーター」の導入を急ぎたい。
Sharing such information with power suppliers would make it possible to set different electricity rates for different hours and power sources and thereby increase the use of home electric appliances in hours when demand and prices are lower.
電力を供給する側とデータを共有すれば、時間別や電源別の料金体系を設け、電力の安い時間帯にうまく家電を動かすような工夫も可能になる。
With its sophisticated technologies for information and communication devices and electronic equipment, Japan has the potential to pursue world-leading projects for smart use of power.
情報家電や電子機器に強い日本だからこそ、世界に先駆けた試みができるはずだ。
Given the costs of dealing with the nuclear disaster, rising raw materials prices and the planned introduction of a feed-in tariff program to mandate utilities to buy electricity from renewable sources at fixed prices, electricity bills are likely to trend up for the time being.
原発事故の処理や資源価格の上昇、自然エネルギーの固定価格買い取り制度の導入などを考えると、電力料金は当面、値上げの方向にある。
It is time for Japan to adopt a coherent strategy for smarter and more efficient use of electricity, with conservation as its centerpiece, as a way to reduce the burden on households and the economy as a whole.
家計や経済への負荷を減らす意味でも、節電を軸に賢い電気の使い方を追求するときだ。
We need to break with the longstanding habit of using electricity as much as we want while depending totally on the regional utilities for power supply.
電気を使いたいだけ使い、供給は「お任せ」にしてきた姿勢を改めなければならない。
The power supply reforms to reduce the nation's dependence on nuclear power and replace the centralized generation approach with a decentralized system based on distributed energy facilities would mean a shift from a society dependent on a limited number of power suppliers to a self-sustaining one.
「脱原発」「集中から分散へ」という電力改革は、依存型のエネルギー確保から、
Every member of society would be involved in the pursuit of the best ways to produce, distribute and consume power.
だれもがエネルギーのあり方にかかわる自立型社会への転換を意味する。
In other words, this will be a process for consumers to regain leadership in the development of the energy policy.
エネルギー政策の主権を、消費者側に取り戻す作業と言い換えてもいい。
In such a society, consumers will examine the costs and risks involved in various power generation methods, select power sources on their own and shoulder the burden of necessary costs.
発電にかかるコストやリスクを吟味し、自分たちで電力を選び、必要な費用であれば負担していく。
This is an evolutionary path for democracy.
それは民主主義を深化させる道でもある。
These reforms would lead to new lifestyles, new jobs and new ways of working.
改革の先に、新しい生活や新しい仕事、働き方の芽がある。
It is time for us to take the step in a new direction instead of fearing change.
変化をおそれるより、一歩を踏み出すときだ。
スポンサードリンク
affiliate
プロフィール
カイちゃん父親に花束を捧げる
タイのスラチャイです
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！ 
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
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・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
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・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
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